Corporate Social Responsibility at Air New Zealand

Aviation industry exerts great influence on growth of national economy and it has an overriding effect on national security. Air New Zealand is an international airline registered and based in New Zealand. It provides cargo transport services and air passenger within New Zealand, as well as to and from major regions. To start with, all outside factors that may influence an organization constitute the external environment .This report will first describe the external environment through three perspectives: economic, technological and global forces, then the major CSR issues and the stakeholders. Finally, it will discuss how stakeholders influence the CSR policy and the implication of it. Air New Zealand has made significant progress in†¦show more content†¦Climate change continued to be at the forefront of global concern and the record number of passengers taking to the skies has raised environmental concerns over planes’ contribution to climate change. Many people cri ticized that flying is one of the major contributors to the growing environmental pollution. ‘The United Nations has released a report stating that aviation is responsible for over half of the pollution caused by transportation. The report stated that emissions from aircrafts, which are more persistent and damaging than ground level emissions, will be contributing much more to global warming by the year 2050’(Taneja,2004). The study also indicates that air travel is expected to grow by about 6% per year and fuel consumption is estimated to rise by 4% more annually. Airlines are responsible for high emissions of greenhouse gases principally as a result of emitting carbon dioxide from burning large amount of aviation fuel. Organizations have constituencies. Furthermore, organizations are dependent upon these constituency groups for their success. To the extent that these constituency groups have an interest in their relationship with the firm, they are referred to as stakeholders. ‘The classic definition of a stakeholder is â€Å"any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organization’s objectives’. At it’s broadest and most ambitious the stakeholder concept represents a redefinitionShow MoreRelatedCommunication, Culture, Responsibility And Ethics Essay1613 Words   |  7 PagesQ1. 601 -Organisational communication, culture, responsibility ethics The word correspondence was gotten from the Latin word COMMUNIS which is COMMON. Oxford English Dictionary says Allowing, going on, or exchange of contemplations, data Organisation Communication is the thought, investigation, and feedback of the part of communication in authoritative settings. whether by talk, structure, and signs The field conceives that its heredity through business information, business correspondenceRead MoreRecent Transformations Of Work And Their Gains And Losses For Men And Women Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pagesgains. Sociologists are interested in the social and significance of work. (McLennon, McManus, Spoonley 2000: 149) In general one aspect of work is categorized as paid work can be subdivided depending on what hours you work. These are full-time, part-time and casual work. Technology plays a key role in the recent transformation of work. In the 1980’s and 1990’s full-time and standard jobs began to disappear as result of changes in the work place. The new technologies being invented started to dramaticallyRead MoreWhat Is The Globalization Of The Internet In New Zealand?1607 Words   |  7 Pages3. Social In 2014, the population of New Zealand was around 4.5 million, with approximately 4 million internet users (Central Intelligence Agency, n.d.). Even though with such a small population, it might be a challenge to get a large number of customers, it is also an opportunity for New Zealand to establish and develop online markets since it can reach most of the population. Therefore, the website creators are able to perfect the quality of their service and get ready to expand their businessRead MoreToyota New Zealand s Sustainability Marketing Report Essay3395 Words   |  14 PagesAbout this report This is Toyota New Zealand’s sustainability marketing report which communicates the economic, social and environmental influences of its tasks to stakeholders. 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As increasingly they seek to trade in Asia, so also do they need to learn to manage such differ ences; and doing business in IndonesiaRead MoreThe Concept Of Corporate Social Responsibility Essay3395 Words   |  14 Pagestransparency, environment, business and society. The corporates started understanding that they would have to rise over and above the profitability and take care of all those related with their survival in the society directly or indirectly. This understanding is the result of the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). This report is to understand of key concepts, principles of CSR, business ethics, corporate governance, and social responsible investing by the two case study of the TATA

Who Am I Personality - 863 Words

Who am I Everyone in the world grows up asking the same question, who am I? Personality is what defines this answer to this question. Fortunately, there are people like psychiatrist Carl Jung and psychologist Howard Gardner who have given insights and the means of finding out how to answer this age old question. Jung’s theory of one’s personality is based on four coupled traits that can vary 16 different ways. These 8 traits, extroversion vs. introversion, sensing vs. intuition, thinking vs. feeling, and judging vs. perceiving, make up the essence of who someone is supposed to be (Jung, 1971), unlike Gardner’s’ theory of 8 intelligences, language smart, math smart, visual smart, body smart, music smart, people smart, self-smart and nature smart (Gardner, 2009), replacing one singular intelligence. Gardner explains these smart components make up a personality. Because of having these personality insights and building blocks, one can describe their own strengths o f traits, compare similarities or differences with others and explain why these similarities or differences are important to understand. The first step is to identify my own personality and what my strengths are. I took Jung’s personality test and my results are that I am ISFJ, 47% introvert, 38% sensing, 9% feeling and 25% judging. I do agree with the introvert assessment as I tend to want to do things on my own. I am the most creative during the middle of the night while I am alone in my thoughts. I didShow MoreRelatedWhy I Am Who I Am Personality Description1116 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Personality development is a multifaceted concept it’s motivated by genetics, society, education and familial contributions. I have been called many things in regards to my personality aggressive, domineering, honest and opinionated but personally very few hold true. Without question I can admit I am honest but even more than that I am independent and loud. Aspects of my personality have been heavily influenced by not only my family and social relationships. My personality shaped me intoRead MorePersonality Reflection Paper939 Words   |  4 PagesPersonality Reflection Paper Debbie Cooper PSY/250 July 30, 2012 AnneySnyder Personality Reflection Paper The following will reflect this researchers understanding and reflection on personality, how it defines one, what it means, and if one’s personality changes to fit certain situations. At the end this researcher may have a better insight into herself as well as the personalities of others. This insight can help her in her future endeavors. Personality I would define personality asRead MoreWhat I Have Learned About My Personality1529 Words   |  7 Pagesthis report, I discuss what I have learned about my own personality after taking the Myers-Briggs personality test. I discuss how the results of my personality profile reflect accurately in myself. This material includes strengths and weaknesses, tendencies, and how this personality relates to others in the personal and professional settings. I also report how knowledge of other personality types is useful in the business environment. What I have learned about the different personality types will assistRead MoreEssay on Teamwork: Dealing with Personalities740 Words   |  3 PagesPersonalities differ with one person to another. Dealing with other people according to their personality will make the team stronger. Knowing personality type can help me to understand myself better and to improve on my weaknesses. Personality defines individuals’ inner characters and who they are as a person. Their behavior patterns are consistent around other people as well by themselves. Even though people hide their true personality in social settings, eventually their inner nature comes outRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Test : What Your Personality Type Is?878 Words   |  4 Pageswhat your personality type is. It is based off a four prong system that is associated with letters. For my personality I am an INTJ. This personality type is only for a very small percentage of the population. Through learning your own personality type it is able to display the type of leader you are as well as how you interact with others. Through learning more about your personality it helps you to develop a better understanding about your own strengths and areas of growth. The result that I got fromRead MoreThe Phenomenology And Humanistic Approach1157 Words   |  5 PagesAfter taking this course, I now have a better understanding of who I am as a person. Personality is the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual s distinctive character. To help define behavior we used five approaches. The five approaches include the phenomenology/humanistic approach, biological approach, psychoanalytic approach, trait approach, and the cognitive approach. The first approach is called the phenomenology/humanistic approach. Phenomenology is one’s experienceRead MoreMy Personality Test1154 Words   |  5 PagesCambridge Dictionary defines personality as â€Å"the special combination of qualities in a person that makes that person different from others, as shown by the way the person behaves, feels, and thinks†. There are many tests out there that will help you piece together what personality type you have, one of which I have taken recently. The personality test that I took on My Personality Test .com told me I am an ISTJ (Introverted, Sensing, Thinking, and Judging) personality type. The main characteristicsRead MoreEssay about Personality and Finding Out Who You Are516 Words   |  3 PagesPersonality and Finding Out Who You Are Many people go throughout life not knowing exactly who they are. The personality of some one is who they are. Many psychologists have tried to define what they envisioned personality to be, and by analyzing their theories I will try to find out who I am. Carl Jung developed the concept of introverts and extroverts. Introverts are people who tend to be preoccupied with the internal world of their own thought, feelings, and experiences. Extroverts areRead MoreFive Factor Personality Test Scores775 Words   |  4 PagesFive Factor Personality Test Scores I was excited to take The Five Factor Personality Test, since I have taken it before and would like to see if there were any significant changes within my personality traits. After finding my results, it concluded no significant change. My extraversion score was a 42, which is relatively high. My agreeableness score was a high of 33. My conscientiousness score was 35, which is an average score. My neuroticism score was a 30 and my openness score was a 29, bothRead MoreReflection Paper On Personality1427 Words   |  6 Pagespaper, I wanted to get an analytical point of view on what my personality is. To do this, I took two personality tests from the Similar Minds website. The first one I took was the Big 45 Test. That personality test consisted of 225 questions that gave me the answer range from ‘very inaccurate’ to ‘very accurate’. My results were nearly similar in percentage; for Extroversion I got 59%, Accommodation is 67%, Orderliness is 59%, Emotional Stability is 51%, and Open-mindedness is 73%. What I liked about

Observation of Elementary School Room Free Essays

I did my observation at Bullskin Township Elementary School on Mrs. Coles 2nd grade classroom. When I first entered the classroom, I felt very welcomed, she had all the students stand up and introduce themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Observation of Elementary School Room or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was a very colorful classroom covered with the children’s art work. The children seemed to feel very comfortable around each other; they all appeared to be communicating well. The goals of the children in the class room are to actively participate and understand the information taught. As I observed part of her math class, they were learning money. She gave them a worksheet to work on after she taught the lesson. As they were completing the worksheet she walked around to answer any questions and to make sure they were on task. I asked Mrs. Coles how she went about communicating with her students families and she said she uses phone calls, email, and parents will sometimes send a note if he/she has any concerns. She gave me advice to always call from work and to never call from home. She said last year she had a bad experience where she used her house phone to call a parent, and after that the parent was constantly calling her house. Her curriculum was based on the Pennsylvania Standards. She showed me a PA Scott Foresman Reading Street Grade 2 Unit 3 book, which was made from the PA Standards it gives you a weekly plan, and different activities to do Monday-Friday. A few of the activities included target skills of the week, like phonics, comprehension skills, and comprehension strategies. She had one autistic boy, whom required one on one time, so she had an aide in her classroom helping him, so he wasn’t isolated from the rest of the second grade students. I also asked her how she went about assessing her students, and she said she couldn’t assess them on the oral skills, but she did test them of comprehension, hand writing, and she used the company book test for each student. I thought the class room was set up nicely. The students’ desks were facing the chalkboard, Mrs. Coles desk was placed behind the students, their cubby’s’ were as soon as you walked into the classroom to the left, and they had a restroom and computer area toward the back of the room. All of the materials were placed where the children could reach them, they had more than enough books and materials for each student, and the class room was well organized. The ultimate goal of the students is to be prepared for the 3rd grade, because in the 3rd grade they are now required to take the PSSA’s. So four times a week they have what’s called â€Å"intervention† where they divide the entire 2nd grade into groups high, middle, high-low, and low-low. From there the teachers help them get the children ready for the PSSA’s. They are required to do a bullying lesson every other Friday; it’s a whole school district wide program. It was called â€Å"Olweus Bullying Prevention Program† Mrs. Coles put the class in a big circle on the floor and she sat on the floor also and read them a story. The class became a little wild, so she said if they calmed down they could each bring in a healthy snack on Wednesday. The autistic student caused some distractions, refused to listen to the story and covered his ears, the aide removed him from the room. How to cite Observation of Elementary School Room, Essays

Contrast Between Anishinaabe And Iroquois Mythology free essay sample

Two main tribes mythology, Insatiable and Iroquois although had a very similar respect and love for the Earth, as well as a belief I a Great Spirit, had points of contrast be;en their myths and legends: their use of a main protagonist, their relevance Of peace and war, and the role and importance a animals played in their legends and myths. These differences between their stories will I help distinguish the two sets of myths apart. Firstly, one point of contrast between Insatiable and Iroquois mythology, is their use of a main protagonist.In Insatiable mythology, there is an import ant figure named Anabases (as well as Anabolic, Wisecrack, Nabobs, Ambush , Whisk, and several other differences in spelling and pronunciation), a human who WA sent by Kitchen Amanita, The Great Spirit, to teach the Insatiable people how to live, similar to Colossal and Nap in Algonquin legends. Anabases is extremely relevant in Insatiable mythology, and is present or at least mentioned in many of their stories. We will write a custom essay sample on Contrast Between Anishinaabe And Iroquois Mythology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although Anabases achieved many things in his lifetime, he was still human, accidents took place.Fortunately, these accidents helped explain the creation of many parts of their land and aspects of their life. In comparison, in Iroquois mythology ago, there is no mention of a main protagonist, or any constant human figure. One example e would be in the Insatiable story of The First Butterflies in Insatiable mythology. The story begins with two twin humans who were cared for by animals, but the animals worried because the children were not able to walk and play like the other ann. malls.Then, the story suddenly turned to Anabases, who after playing with the child Rene, explains wisely that the children can not walk because the animals cared too much for the children, and didnt let the children do anything for themselves. The story goes on, and Anabases creates, with the help of Kitchen Amanita, the first Butterflies, t o help the children learn to walk, when trying to catch them. This shows how Gnashing mythology uses a main protagonist, Anabases, to resolve a conflict that origin ally did not involve him.Also, in the Insatiable story of Anabases and the Giant Beaver, Anabases was quarreling with Hauberk, the Giant Beaver. With the help of his grandmother, Noncoms, they realized Hauberk ended up creating a giant dam between what we now know as Lake Huron and Lake Superior, which ends up toppling down. Even though Noncoms almost caught Hauberk, the Beaver manage d to break free of her grasp when the dam fell down. Anabases ends up saving the e day by making peace with Hauberk.This shows how Insatiable made their maim protagonist be the one that resolves the conflict. On the other hand, in Iroquois mythology, there are no legends shown with a recurring hero. Instead, Iroquois mythology used each other to resolve against difficult conflict. An example wow old be in the Iroquois story of the Three Brothers Who Followed the Sun, three brothers decided to walk to the edge of the earth, where the sky comes down and touches the water. When they got there, the eldest brother got crushed by the sky when it came down. The brothers spirit along with the father of the Bathyscaphes appeared and vided the brothers to purify their bodies in the Bathyscaphes. After purification, the brothers gained supernatural speed, strength, and were unable to get killed b y weapons or disease. The two younger brothers wished to be in the upper world with the Eire eldest brother and were eventually struck by lightning and killed, granting their wish.This story is one of the many examples of how the Iroquois legends did not use a main protagonist in their stories. In this story, these brothers traveled to the edge of the Earth with each other, not alone, and did not reappear in other stories, unlike Anabases in An Shanias mythology. This shows how a main difference between Iroquois and Gnashing Abe legends, are their use of a main protagonist. Moreover, another point of contrast been Insatiable and Iroquois mythology, is the relevance Of war and peace.It seems as though in the Iroquois legends, they speak of living in peace quite often, but end up fighting and bat ling, but in Insatiable myths, they dont talk about living in peace, yet they rarely engage battles and war. An example would be in the Iroquois story Dedication and Hiawatha A second man said, There is strife in our village When you go back, Dedication told them, you will find that peace prevails, because the good Tidings of Peace and Power have come to the people. You will find strife removed..From the Iroquois story Sodas the Woman Chief . All the tribes spoke one language and lived in harmony and peace. These two excerpts show how the Iroquois talked about living in peace. Unfortunately, peaceful is not necessarily the right description for the Iroquois s in many of their legends. One example is in the Iroquois myth about The Twelve Brothers and Their Uncle, Diagnose went As they came to the women, the uncle said, We must kill these women. They wanted to make him laugh, but he called out, Fall and be bones! The women were enraged by the words and tried to spit at the old uncle, but he repeated the words and the third time he said them both women rolled off the e rock and as they fell their bones made a noise like the pouring of many shells. This along with other stories including Dedication and Hiawatha , where a young girl gets trampled to death, shows how the Iroquois tribe were quite vi lent in their legends, as much as they talked about peace and harmony. In contrast, t Insatiable tribe rarely talked about peace and harmony, but instead lived in ace and harmony.An example wou ld be in the Insatiable story of Anabases and the Giant Beaver, where Anabases and a Giant Beaver named Hauberk were quarreling for many months, but in the end made peace and became friends: Anabases laughed. He cupped his hands over his mouth and shouted: . Com back, Hauberk, come back! You are too cunning for me to catch. Let us m sake peace and let us be friends. Want to have you as a friend. And so Hauberk returned to the north country and became the friend of Anabases and old Noncoms. This shows how even though in Insatiable mythology, they rarely talked ABA UT living in peace, but ended up living in peace, opposite to the Iroquois who wow old often talk about living in peace in their legends, yet live in violence. This proves the contrast between the relevance of peace and war in Iroquois and Insatiable stories. Stats, a point of contrast between Insatiable and Iroquois mythology is the role and importance of animals and other objects. In Insatiable legends, the e animals seem just as capable as humans, and have the ability to do many things human ins can do, including the ability to talk.In Iroquois myths, the animals seem just the s name as we notice them today. Examples would be in the Insatiable stories, Giant Beaver, The First Butterflies, How the Bat Came to Be. The story about Anabases and the Giant Beaver includes a talking beaver who was just as cunning and tireless as Anabases. The story included a talking bear, who was also smart enough to take care of two young human twins. The story of How the Bat Came to Be had a talking squirrel, a talking bear, a talking eagle, and a talking sun who could grant wishes. More examples of the roles of animals in Insatiable myth holy are how they do not use before naming the species Of the animal. Instead, they eave out the determiners and capitalize the first letter of the species. An ex. ample would be in the Insatiable legend How the Bat Came to Be sun has gotten lost, said Eagle. We must look for him. said Bear. Notice how there are no determiners before Sun, Eagle, Bear , and the first letter of each animal and object are capitalized, just like how they would treat humans in writing and in speech. I think this shows that the Insatiable tribe respected animals just as much as humans, not only in what the animals were doing in the story, but how they told the story. On the contrary, the Iroquois legends did not include anima alls as often as humans and mostly used animals in stories when they were hunting. An example would be in the Iroquois story of The Twelve Brothers and Their Uncle, Diagnose They became the birds he mentioned, horned owls, hawks, crows and woodpeckers..In comparison to the Insatiable legends, all the animal species names start with a lowercase letter. If this segment was written in Insatiable mythology, each animal name would most like be capitalized. Furthermore, in the Iroquois store sees Dedication and Hiawatha Sodas the Woman Chief, they both include animals in their stories for no other reasons but for hunting. This shows the d preferences f the roles and importance of animals between Iroquois and Insatiable leg ends.In conclusion, although the strong similarities between these two mythologies might lead you to believe they are virtually the same, their their use of a main protagonist, their relevance of peace and war, and the role and importance a played in their legends and myths set them apart. Hundreds of years ago, that t was what they believed in. Now, it is fascinating and entertaining literature. Reading the SE two sets of myths make for an enjoyable time, but being able to distinguish the two o apart bring your understanding of the legends to a whole new level.

Family Centred Practice in Child Protection Services

buy custom Offshoring essay

buy custom Offshoring essay Offshoring is when a company moves its production from its home country to another country, where it can be done with cheaper labour, lower taxes, subsidized energy, and lower health-care cost. Offshoring is what people in the U.S. complain about when they complain about manufacturing jobs moving to China. Whereas India has emerged as a center of knowledge-industry outsourcing, China has emerged as a center of manufacturing off shoring. The cost of savings in moving manufacturing to China are so great that if one company begins moving its manufacturing to China, the only way for rival companies to survive is for them to also move their manufacturing to China. The main reason that China is so attractive is that its workers are paid very little. This has caused companies in other developing countries to try to cut their wages to stay competitive, driving down wages for all unskilled workers in the developing world to stay competitive with the China price. Needless to say, the human costs of this process can be devastating. China sees its low-wage manufacturing jobs as a stepping stone to dominating all stages of production, especially design. As soon as Chinas education system catches up with the U.S., expect to see wages of our highly skilled workers (lawyers, doctors, computer programmers) fall as they start to compete against international workers who will do the same job for less money. To stay competitive in the knowledge industry, the U.S. needs to put more of its resources into education and research. Globalization is creating unprecedented uncertainties in the outlook for any career amidst increasing corporate access to a global labour market and the commoditization of intellectual property. Technical professionals are therefore forced to keep abreast of industrial trends in domestic and intellectual markets in terms of hot spots, where regions experience above-average economic activity and soft markets where supply of certain skills or resources exceeds demand. Silicon Valley Company should therefore respond by moving some of its stages of production to other countries where costs for these stages are a little bit lower hence will be able to lower its cost of production in the long run. I agree with Thomas ideas since he alludes that by moving their production overseas, U.S companies are able to sell the same items to consumers for less cost. He further cites that in 2004 Morgan Stanley estimated that offshoring to China had saved U.S consumers $600 billion since the mid- 1990s. Buy custom Offshoring essay

Just Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Just Questions - Essay Example Most psychoneuroses are dependent on the failure of the personality to a find an adequate solution of this conflict, and the compromise that the person reaches is not satisfactory to him. The basal or primary dispositions develop in the childhood, and they determine the future psychic development. Therefore, the personality and its forms are actually determined by the childhood development in terms of Sex and Ego, which may distinguish between different personalities. This, therefore may serve as a key to knowing these personalities. Adler's style of life theory contends that the determining factors that mould human behaviour and development and hence personality are to gain power and ascendency against the environment. This means, in human personality, the conduct is determined by a final purpose. A person's styles of life or temperamental factors determine his behaviour. According to his theory, the style of life is an affective and cognitive representation of the existential problems that any person desired to resolve. Thus this reflects the person's reactions to his perceptions about reality and the reactions that demonstrate in the ways of coping with it. This is a manifestation of cultural adaptation through the interaction between the person and the reality. Functionally, these may be equivalent to the cognitive and psychological traits of the personality which is reflected upon the genetic inheritance. Horney's construct of the "ty... Give an example of this tyranny has affected someone's lifestyle. Horney's construct of the "tyranny of should" are well depicted in the childhood development, which in future may lead to a neurotic personality. These develop early in the development through influences from temperament and environment. The child's personality and his degree of vitality and his nature and its quality may make a child rebellious or submissive under such pressures created by parental coercion. The tyranny is created by love and intimidation, tyranny, and glorification. These create the environment of the child, and their personality will be influenced by such relationships which may alter the environment from the normal of warmth, mutual respect and consideration. From the perspective the "tyranny of should" from the parents exerts pressure on the child even up to the extent that he may start feeling that his existence is dependent upon the parental wishes. The consequences are improper or incomplete development of self-respect. The personality may become insecure, ap prehensive, isolated, and resentful. Although initially, helpless, gradually he starts coping and become manipulative. The case of a child who has a stubborn negativism and who expresses himself with temper tantrums may be considered. His coping mechanism is shutting himself from others, living in his own world, where he can resent and reject every demand made upon him by the "tyranny of should" and he makes inroads to isolation and privacy which might be the beginning of a neurosis. Q4. Consider the frames of orientation presented by Fromm. Give a specific example of behavior which constitutes a healthy frame of orientation. Give specific example of behavior which constitutes an unhealthy frame of orientation.

Consider ther central principles of Christianity. How do there reflect Essay

Consider ther central principles of Christianity. How do there reflect Platonic ideas - Essay Example Similar is the philosophical notion of Platonism about God and life. Evidently Christianity was founded and nourished on the social ground where Platonism had been the key pressure. To illustrate, Christianity has a lot of similarities with the basic notions of Platonism. First of all, the Christian doctrines and Platonic principles accept the fact that spirit is superior to body and that it exists in all. In addition, Plato accepts the eternal, omnipresent and omnipotent nature of God. He also acknowledges the fact that God gives soul to human and that God created world because he is good. Platonism shows similarity in accepting the fact that God gives laws and every soul will be rewarded or punished according to its deeds. Both Platonism and Christianity maintain the concept of heaven and hell. Christianity also is based on the belief that God created the world and he created humans in his own likeness and character. Genesis 1:26 states that God created man in his own image. And it is said that ‘he made the world good; and when he saw it he was delighted’ (Genesis 1:31). ... In addition, Jesus Christ teaches to lay up treasures in heaven where ‘neither moth nor rust corrupt them’ (Mathew 6:20). Moreover, it is said in Romans that â€Å"if the spirit of him that raised up Jesus from the dead dwell in you, he that raised up Christ from the dead shall also quicken your mortal bodies by his Spirit that dwell in you† (Romans 8:11). Similar is the belief found in Platonism. According to Plato, (Phaedo, 114 C) after death, every soul goes to a place corresponding to its deeds while alive. If then, the wicked with curable sin nature will be left to a lower world where they shall suffer for their sins; whereas, the incurable souls will be abandoned permanently into hell. With regard to pious souls, they shall live without human bodies forever in eternal happiness with God almighty (ibid). Hence, the striking similarity between the Church and Platonism comes in the concept of heaven, hell and purgatory. Jesus says clearly that ‘it is bett er to pluck out your right eye if it sins because it is better to lose it than being cast into hell’ (Mathew 5:29). He also warns that â€Å"no one who speaks against the Holy Spirit will be forgiven either in this world or in the next† (Matthew 12:32). Another agreement comes in the case of body-soul interaction. Bible says â€Å"Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Rather, be afraid of the One who can destroy both soul and body in hell.† (Matthew 10:28) The concept that Platonism cherishes also is similar because it says that external aspects or diseases of the body can little harm the soul; whereas vice, can worsen the moral quality of

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 30

Marketing - Essay Example There is a detail description of the objectives that TSL is having. Objectives are goals for the organization. Also, the paper encapsulates the strategies as well as the action plans that must be implemented for effective operation of the company and to beat competition. Last but not the least financial figures have been analyzed in order to understand the company’s performance. The research paper ends up with a dedicated concluding section. Triumph Spares Limited (TSL) was established in the early 1980, as a small family owned business. The company deals with spare parts and the business is run from two sites, one is the factory and the other is the small shop. The factory deals with the spares that are assembled from subcontracted components. The prime stakeholders of the company are Mr. and Mrs. Brian Smith who are the main owners of the company. In the early 1990s, TSL developed mail order business in United States. From the very day of commencement of the business, it was found that TSL was successful in building strong reputation by providing quality spare parts. The license for preparing the spare parts was obtained from Standard Triumph Ltd (Triumphs, 2008). There has been steady growth in the business of TSL from the day of its commencement with turnover of  £ 4000000. The profit margin for TSL is estimated to be 50% for those who buy in bulk from the factory. Triumph Spares Limited provides spare parts to other shops as well as commercial car restoration businesses. On the other hand, the profit margin for TSL is expected to be 100% for those who buy from the shops. The shop provides spare parts to small commercial purchaser and to the general public. The company turnover follows Pareto rule, where 20 % of the turnover comes from the shop and 80 % of the turnover depends on the factories direct sales. Although the main customers for TSL are Classic Components, Spare Parts, Classic Spares, and Spare Shops and Add

Change Management, its Factors and Effects, in Tesco PLC

Change Management, its Factors and Effects, in Tesco PLC TESCO started its business and opened its first shop in the year 1919 by Mr Jack Cohen. He sold surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London. The brand TESCO came after 5 years in the year 1924 when he bought a shipment of tea from a Mr. T. E Stockwell and initial letters of the name were combined to name TESCO and in the year 1929 store was op #ened in Burnt Oak, North London by Mr. Cohen. In 1930 Mr. Cohen built a headquaters and warehouse in north London and in 1932 privatization was done and Tesco became private ltd company and the company was listed in the stock market in the year 1974. In the year 1950 need of expansion was demanded and as a result numbers of stores were bought by retailer. (70 Williams stores and 200 Harrow stores, followed by 97 Charles Philips stores) and finally in the year 1968 the first superstore was opened in west Sussex. moving further Tesco diversified and jumped to petrol retailing sector in 1974.to overtake the rivals Tesco adopted the change in the strategy and launched the club card in 1995 following which in 1996 Tesco announced 24 hours facility to its customers. Retailer launched tesco.com in 2000 to expand further with which it included various products like electronics, clothes and entered in broadband market etc .as a major announcement Tesco plans to open a stores in USA under the name Fresh and Easy. Need for a change at Tesco Tesco has adopted many changes in its business since the time it has started.tesco has been changing its strategies as and when time passes for the following reasons. (I)To win competitive advantage: Tesco always wanted to create more value from resources over other companies like Sainsbury which led tesco to come up with new stores in different places. (ii)Core competences: Core competences are means the businesses must have something that customers uniquely value if companies wants to earn healthy profits. For instance tesco provides club card facility to its customer to retain the customers. (iii)Need for capturing Market: Tesco wanted to capture the whole retail market which encouraged the company to come up with aggressive strategies and occupy the number of places of UK markets. (iv)To create efficiency, swiftness, and innovation: For creating efficiency tesco provides a online shopping facility along with that it has made all the stores 24 hours available. Facrors Driving change in the Tesco: There are two types of factors which force any organization to adopt the change for the betterment of the organization. External factors and Internal factors. External Factors: conservative spends, Following are the external factors using PESTEL analysis: Political Factors: Tescos performance is very much controlled by political situations of the countries .traditional stores are forced to cut the cost where as big stores often provides job opportunities and government encourages retailers to create job opportunities hence opening new stores is because of the political impact also. Economical Factors: Economic factors have direct relation with profits which is one of the most important factor leading changes in an organisation.the high rate of unemployment increases chances of reduced demand for goods so tesco is creating employment with the help new stores. Social Factors: remove Customers demands towards mass shopping have led tesco to provide non food items also like clothes, elctronics,mobiles etc providing customers the convenient shopping. Technological Factors: Technology is a biggest factor driving all the companies to adopt the change because of new inventions of it.customer base will increase if they are satisfied and they get attracted. To do the same tesco has adopted self check out system, electronic shelf labelling etc. Environmental Factors Less consumption of resources, less wastage of production and least environmental damage are the issues leading tesco to change accordingly. Legal factors: Government policies affect the Tesco organisation for instance licensing, monopoly policy, pricing policy. Internal Factors: Expansion of the business: Expansion of the business brings the opportunities for the product development and companies growth. Earning Profits: The major motive for any organisation is to make profit which leads tesco also for the expansion and diversification of the business. Cut throat Competition: Tesco has many Competitors like ASDA and Sainsbury. To survive in this cut throat competition is very necessary to come up with new ideas and technology. Resource Implication of the organisation not responding to change: There are various resources which can be resistant against the change and cause the failure to the change project. Following are the resources: People: The main part of the change is people who are going to execute the change and they can not change overnight. people who are rigid and resistant towards the change .if they dont respond and not agreed to accept the change change procedure will lead to failure. Money : one of the other most important resources is Money which has a power to make the change successful by providing all other resources available.for instance with the help of existing money resource tesco is going to open new Fresh and Easy stores in usa without which it was not possible. Material: Proper material like all the previous details, audit report, company data and market requirments are very important absence of the same brings the failure of the change for instance in the case of tesco absence of the proper market analysis would have not brought tesco to capure the UK market. Stakeholders: Stakeholders are the very important parts of the change.suppliers are the internal stakeholders. The demand of the suppliers for cutting down in prices of food in tesco are major concern for adopting new changes. Climate: (season) Climate is a resource which is unexpected which sometimes causes a failure to change adopted by an organisation. Q: D) Models of change ADKAR Individual model of change: In an organisation whenever any change takes place it is not organisation which changes but the individuals of the organisation.ADKAR model helps manager to find out the behaviour of the individual and find out: People resistance to change, Help employess to move ahead with the change process To provide a plan for a personal and professional progress for individuals. To understand the ADKAR model we will look at the diagram below which says whenver in an organisation change takes place that is two ways one is from the business aspect and from the people side. Change takes place only when both the side change is applied successfully. Business change: Business change needs knowing the opportunities Scope and objectives of the business and project Knowledge of complete business process Proper change implementation People/Employee change: For the successful change manager should follow 5 key objectives based on ADKAR model. Awareness: of the need to change Desire: to participate and support the  change Knowledge: of how to change (and what the change looks like) Ability: to apply the change Reinforcement: to retain the change for the time period Lewins 3 stage Organisational Model of change http://www.lmcuk.com/management-tool/lewins-3-stage-model The model speaks about the one organisational change. it says that organisation travel from one stagnant change to another. It has three steps for an organisation to come across (i) Unfreeze (ii) Change and (iii) Refreeze, as mentioned in above picture. (i)Unfreeze In this state an organisation has to make employees believe that change is going to be for the betterment. there are people who doesnt want to come out of their comfort zone and easily accept the change hence unfreeze is a stage where managers will have to create motivation to the employees to come out of the stagnant phase and unfreeze them to move towards the new change. (ii) Change It is a stage which creates many doubts for the organisation. Employees have knowledge of old system and adopting a new a new change will take some time to increase their efficiency. At this stage it is very important for the managers to provide motivation to its employees at the same time give proper training and moral support to build a confidence to accept the change. Refreeze The motive of this stage is to let people get comfortable to their working environment again to increase efficiency. Bruce Tuckmans model of Team change: Mr Bruce Tuckman came up with this model in the year 1965 with 4 stages and last 5th stage Adjourning was added by him later in the year 1970s. According to him as the team builds maturity and ability, the bonding of the team takes place.in this stage a leader directs, guide, participates and deligates finally.at this time team will produce a next capable leader. in this leader gives power to the team and reduces the control.the main aim is to achieve the high performance by changing leadership styles. Following are the 4 stages and activities of the leader Stages Activities Forming Direct team and set goals clearly. Discussing goals with team will be the helpful. Storming Establishment of structure, building good relationship in team, Giving moral support, being firm and positive. make people understand why conflicts happens by assertiveness. Norming Taking responsibility towards objectives, building feeling of togetherness in team. Performing Dividing/delegating the task so that can concentrate on other priorities. Adjournig If the team come to an end working together celebrating the success. Relevance of the models in the current economic climate: Currently looking at the UK economy-2010 the major issue faced by the country is Recession and Unemployment which goes hand in hand. Looking at these issues lets see the relevance of the following models with these two factors. Models of change Relevance with current economic climate ADKAR Model of individual change Awareness: government should know the factors driving recession and unemployment. Desire: desire to come over. Knowledge: Proper knowledge how to overcome the recession. Ability: Ability to apply solutions/change to remove the recession. Reinforcement: to retain the change or solutions taken to get rid of recession and unemployment. Lewins 3 stage Organisational Model of change In the 2nd step of the model we can find the relevance to current situation. Change: adopting a change for example government has announced cut backs because of which people that were enjoying the benefits are also now searching for job which is increasing the rate of employment. Bruce Tuckmans model of Team change In this we can find a relevance with the stage storming which talks about the activities like establishing structure which means government should set such a rule to avoid recession and unemployment like the economy of the some of the European countries (like irland and Romania) are not much developed and people of those economy are migrating here because of which unemployment rate increases. Value of STRATEGIC INTERVENTIONS techniques in the change process: What is strategic intervention? Whenever there is change taking plan in an organisation there are resistant towards it. Strategic intervention techniques are made to solve the problem occurring during the change process. Following are the intervention techniques and their value: Role Playing: Role playing is a type of training which involves practical situation. it is method to prepare a team to perform on their own without the help of the their employers. Value: this technique is valuable because if the proper training is given and employees are able to work on their own then they will face less problem while adopting a change. Team Building: It is technique developing a maturity to work as a group and efficiency. The main reasons for this technique are to set objectives, to check how the work is performed in a group and to see the bonding between team members. Value: in the change process the one of the important things is team bonding as whenever change takes place in an organisation team has to perform together for the success. Survey Feedback: Proper feedback and survey reports are to be given to the employees regarding the change to let them involve in the change process Value: by getting the feedback organisation can know what employees feel about the change and what difficulties they face to help them which help the change process to success. Inter-Group Problem-Solving: Whenever there are conflicts in two different groups, for the settlement joint meetings are held in which members are allowed to present their views and the outcome of the meeting should be the result that holds them together. Value: all the teams work towards the one goal i.e. change process, if they are having the differences then the goals vision will be blurred. So this technique helps to improve the bonding which will improve the work efficiency. Management By Objective Approach: It encourages employees to involve in decision making process to make sure the system works smoothly. Value: technique to involve employees will earn the interest of them and will lead to successful change. Q:g) development of Change management strategy with stakeholders for tesco: Stakeholders are the group of people who have interest in company business. There are many types of stakeholders like government, employees, customers, suppliers, board memebres, funders, which are part of internal and external stakeholders. According to tesco understanding the needs and demands of the stakeholders is very important. there are various strategies to let stakeholders involve in the change process. i)Having beneficial discussion with shareholders to make sure that tesco looks after and understands the commitment towards stakeholders. ii)The preparation of investor relation report every year by the board members is a part of their strategy stating the feedback of the stakeholders ,which involves them to towards the change. iii)They make sure that each and every stakeholder should get the full annual report at the end of the year apart from publishing in news papers. Systems to Involve stakeholders: There are many systems available to involve potential stakeholders in the planning of the change. Stakeholders mapping Stakeholders matrix Stakeholders engagement Stakeholders identification Stakeholders mapping: Stakeholders mapping is one the systems to involve stakeholders in the business .in stakeholders mapping has two axis. One speaks about the interest of the each stakeholder and other speaks about the power on stakeholders. th the th Stakeholder Mapping and Communication There are basically 4 categories in based on their power and interest, low interest/low power high interest/low power low interest/high power high interest/high power The company needs very less attention on this group. The stakeholders create no danger because of any interest and power. This group has a high interest but very less power and they are maintained by keeping them informed about company information. This group has high power because of which they must be taken care off and kept satisfied because their low interest can cause a trouble. They must be always satisfied because they have high power and high interest as well. Stakeholders matrix: This is one the common methods used to know about the stakeholder analysis. The object is to give clear understanding of the stakeholder and let the company know what the best way to involve them is. This system is used at early stage to develop the stakeholder plan.this sytem is used for developing a action plan. Stakeholder identification: In this company needs to find out its potential stakeholders company needs to do all the documentation regarding their interest, involvement, their power, and strategies taken by the company. There are three steps Step i) identify the potential customer and related date to them Step ii) identify the each stakeholders power and interest Step iii) assess the stakeholders response. Stakeholder engagement (On TESCO): Stakeholders are the people who have direct relation with our business and can affected easily, but at the same time they have impact on business as well. This is a reason why organisation needs to involve stakeholders and know their views. basically it is all about maintaining relationship with the help of regular communication from both the sides.Stakeholders engagement system has become a commonly used practice in business. According to tesco stakeholder engegement helps them to know the risk and opportunities. Following are the methods of doing the same: Meetings/Discussing issues Websites Questionnaires Events Being strategic about stakeholder engagement Tesco believes in solving issues by discussing it with stakeholders.for instance for year 2009-2010 meeting was held in the month of February to discuss the issues concerning about the board plans, control and business development by the chairman. Websites are made to keep in touch with stakeholders and engage them and to keep them aware of new updates abot the company along with the annual reports. tesco has it site in which they have all the details for stakeholders(www.tescoplc.com) . Investor relaton teams are hired to take care of stakeholders in tesco to be in touch with them on regular basis.because details on websites are limited and shareholders can ask any questions via emails. For stakholders tesco keeps events for them to be interactive and to engage them. Stakeholders engagement is not process to be built in weeks. Company need to do it right from beginning and thats what tesco has been doing right from beginning. Q: I) Development and implementation of model of change on tesco: Whenever company need to progress can adopt a change whether small or big .in organisation usually they know about the change but dont know how to actually apply it. For which there are many models stating how to apply change. Following are the models which tesco can apply to build a self check out machines. Kotters 8-Step Change Model Following are the 8 steps to lead towards the change: Step i) create urgency: Talking about urgency of adopting a change will help organisation to move further towards change. Because only showing balance sheet company can not convince others to adopt the change. How to do? a)Tesco will have to analyse its potential risksand will have to prove the senario that in absence of self check machines can cause lot of queue in the shop and will cause delay in time. b)Tesco will have to show the benefits that customer can take from self check out machines. Step ii) Form a Powerful association: Whenever company needs to go through a change it has to supporters for the change having leaderships qualities to convince that change is for good. What is to be done? Tesco should identify true leaders in an organisation Make commitment Work on team building Tesco will have to make sure that it has good mixture of people that will help at different levels. Step iii) Create a Vision for Change Tesco should have a clear vision about the change and should be able to show others that vision What to do: Tesco will have to set the important value change. Make a short one or two sentence vision statement like tesco has a vision statement that is every little helps Make a plan to implement that vision. Step iv): Communicate the Vision The vision statement is what you do and you have strong competition in the market.so tesco will have to make sure that it communicate in such a manner that will be able survive in that competition. What to do: Tesco should keep talking about its vision. Tesco should clearly deal with peoples apprehension and worry. Tesco should Appl all its vision to all aspects of operations from training to performance reviews. Step v): Remove Obstacles: After following the above steps and if change process had taken place then tesco needs to look at the resistant of the change if yes then tesco will have to remove it by doing so change process will move further. What to do: Tesco should hire, change leaders to deliver the change. By looking at the structure of the organisation tesco will have to decide upon Tesco should encourage people by giving reward to people for supporting change. At the same time tesco should know people who are resisting the change, and try to convert them into supporters. Tesco should act quickly against obstacles. Step vi): Create Short-term Wins To encourage change tesco should create small competition to motivate employees towards adopting the change. By creating short term goals tesco can earn more supporters for the new change. What to do: Tesco should Look for sure-change that can be implemented without help from any strong critics of the change. Tesco should not expensive targets. Tesco needs to see properly the potential pros and cons of its achievements. Give deserving awards to those who achieve targets. Step vii): Build on the Change: Tesco should not declare the change too early.rea l change goes in deep. What to do Tesco should analyse after every win, that what went right and what needs improving. Tesco should learn to the idea of continuous development. Tesco need to keep changing the the change agents timely to change association Step viii): Anchor the Changes in Corporate Culture: Tesco needs to make sure that change should be visible in each and every aspect which will help the change to occupy a strong place in an organisation. What to do: Tesco need to talk about the success stories as and when get the chance. Tesco should embrace the change principles and morals when hiring and training new staff. Measures to monitor progress of the change process: There are various ways adopted by the companies to measure the performance and the progress of the change adopted.there is many tools like performance indicator, feedback control system, marketing mix etc to know about the peformance of the company.tesco has not adopted particular method to measure the progress.following are the ways tesco should adopted: Feedback: Tesco should take timely and duely feedback by the customers who are using self check out machine.feedback form should clearly be able to specify the questions about the weakness and usefulness of the self check out machine. Feedback form should be easy to understand and must be written in easily understandable language by the customers.the most important point is feedback form should be able to answer the % of customer satisfaction. Surveys: Tesco should conduct surveys regarding by the general public asking what do think about self check machine. For people with a proper communication must be hired to be able to ask questions from public. Website : Tesco should operate one website having online feedback asking close ended question regarding the perfomance of the machine and improvements to be made. Performance indicator tool: Tesco should use the performance indicator tool for the measurment of progress.it will tell the tesco about the improvements made and what are the results of the same.performance indicator cover cover the following other indicators : Quantitative indicators based on numbers achieved. Practical indicators based on current companys process. Directional indicators based on data specifying the companys performance whether getting better or not. Actionable indicators are taken to control which will affect the change. Financial indicators used in perfomance measurment.

Police Corruption in the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) Essay

Police Corruption in the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) "Police corruption undermines the foundation of our city..." "Officers who use the shield of service as a sword to commit crimes jeopardize the safety of all of us, and they do dishonor to their colleagues and to the city they swore to protect." Alejandro N. Mayorkas, United States Attorney, Central District of California, (U.S. Department of Justice News Release, 2000). Police corruption is not a new problem in society and there is not a standard way to deal with it. Police officers have enormous power and responsibility and are asked to make difficult decisions. There is not an exact guide to behavior for police officers so their discretion can lead to corruption (Monkkonen, 1999). The existence of police corruption in America has created a negative public view of law enforcement. Police corruption has deteriorated the relationship between law enforcement and the community. In the past four years, more than 500 officers in 47 cities have been convicted of various federal crimes. Local and state authorities in 32 other jurisdictions are either engaged in active investigations or prosecutions of dirty cops (Johnson,1998) . FBI Director Louis J. Freeh has stated: "The insidious nature of police corruption inherently undermines the confidence of the American people in one of the basic tenets of democracy that law enforcement officers will honestly and fairly protect and serve the citizens to whom they answer. The selfish and deceitful acts of a few cannot be allowed to impugn the integrity of the law enforcement profession." (U.S. Department of Justice,1998). The existence of police corruption in society raises many important questions. What causes police of... ... Los Angeles Police Department, "Board of Inquiry into the Rampart Area Corruption Incident"01 March 2000; available from http://www.lapdonline.org/pdf_files/pc/boi_pub.pdf U.S. Department of Justice, "Los Angeles Police Officer, Ex-Cop Indicted on Federal Conspiracy Charges", news release, 05 April 2000; (photocopied). Monkkonen, Erik, "Crossing the (Blue) Line The Problem With Commissions", Los Angeles Times, 26 Sept 1999, p. M-1. U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, news release, 21 Jan 1998; Available from http://www.fbi.gov/pressrm/pressrel/pressrel98/police.htm "Report: LA Convictions May Be Tossed", The Associated Press, 18 April 2000. James A. Inciardi, Criminal Justice, 3rd. ed., Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers, 1990. Lawrence W. Sherman, Scandal and Reform, Berkely: University of California Press, 1978.

Anotated Bibliography No Child Left Behind Essay

What the paper â€Å"What’s Missing from No Child Left Behind? A Policy Analysis from a Social Work Perspective.† argues is that the No Child Left Behind bill might not be accomplishing its purpose. Moreover, the paper sheds light on the social and emotional risk factors that prevent students from succeeding in school. In the end, the article suggests that school social workers are capable of eliminating these barriers by applying in school interventions to address the psychosocial factors that highlight the difference in achievement at school. School social workers are also capable of advocating for an education policy change that looks beyond test scores and help at risk students succeed in school. Works Cited Lagana-Riordan, Christine, and Jemel P. Aguilar. â€Å"What’s Missing From No Child Left Behind? A Policy Analysis From A Social Work Perspective.† Children & Schools 31.3 (2009): 135-144. Academic Search Complete. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. This article reports the results found by a national survey taken by the state, about the national impact of the No Child Left Behind bill. Results indicate that in between 2001 and 2005 statewide assessment of science and writing increased but it decreased in the social studies, arts, humanities, and computers. The research teams found that there are few themes that come up at almost every school. The first, which is an obvious one, is that for subjects that are not tested for under the No Child Left Behind bill, the schools reduced their resources and the effort that the school puts into these areas dropped. Second, is an interesting method because they take material away from tested subjects and integrating them into the classes that are not tested for. Just so the teachers that are going to be tested have more time to focus on the testing material. The last theme is that there is no change observed, everything seems to be the same as before the No Child Left Behind bill. Works Cited Pederson, Patricia Velde. â€Å"What Is Measured Is Treasured: The Impact Of The No Child Left Behind Act On Nonassessed Subjects.† Clearing House 80.6 (2007): 287-291. Academic Search Complete. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. The article discusses how teachers are discovering that the No Child Left Behind idea is flawed, developmentally unfitting, lacking funding, and leaving more students, educators, and schools behind before the bill was passed. Later the article presents a short history about educational testing, investigates the argument of teaching to the test, and focuses on subgroups of school populations that are negatively affected by No Child Left Behind bill, distinctively students from low socioeconomic backgrounds, minorities, second-language learners, and students with special needs. Works Cited Smyth, Theoni Soublis. â€Å"Who Is No Child Left Behind Leaving Behind?.† Clearing House 81.3 (2008): 133-137. Academic Search Complete. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. This article in the Times newspaper, points out problems and flaws with the 2002 U.S. No Child Left Behind educational legislation, which was designed to improve education in the U.S. Topics that are discussed include, teachers complaints that No Child Left Behind policy sets impossible standards and forces teachers to teach based on the test material, and how the bill originally came to life by the proposal of former U.S. president George W. Bush. The other topic discussed is how originally neither the Democratic or Republican political parties were in favor of the legislation. Furthermore article explains that No Child Left Behind bill has publicized gaps between students but it did not fixed them. Works Cited Webley, Kayla. â€Å"Why It’s Time To Replace No Child Left Behind.† Time 179.3 (2012): 40-44. Academic Search Complete. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. The goals of this article are to raise awareness about the challenges educators and school mental health professionals face throughout the semester as a result of the implementation of No Child Left Behind bill. The most important part about this article is that its purpose is not just to point out the flaws caused by the No Child Left Behind bill, but to enhance the bill’s ideas and provide less interference between the bill and school mental health by coming up with ideas and solutions for the problems that they are facing. Works Cited Weist, D. Mark et al. â€Å"Enhancing No Child Left Behind–School Mental Health Connections.† Journal Of School Health 76.9 (2006): 446-451. Academic Search Complete. Web. 25 Mar. 2012.

English vs. Spanish Colonization Essay

From 1500 to 1700, the English colonization of the Chesapeake region and the Spanish colonization of the Central/South American region varied greatly in their primary motivations for settlement and the lasting effects imprinted into both societies. The English motives in settling the Chesapeake region were more economically-based, seeking greater economic opportunity and employment, while the Spanish effort took on a more religious approach that ended up having long-term effects on the way their culture and society developed. The effects both colonies felt differed in many ways, primarily due to the varying motivational influences felt by the English and the Spanish. However, similarities in colonial motivations and cultural impacts were present between both societies. English colonization of the Chesapeake region revolved around economic gain and opportunity that colonizers believed could be found in the New World. Overcrowding in England led to a desire for expansion and better emp loyment options for English settlers. Rumors of gold discovery in the New World also spurred an intense frenzy that English colonizers sought to pursue, resulting in the development of societies poorly suited for colonial life when gold was never found. On the other hand, Spanish colonization of Central and South America began with the Spanish conquistadors, who used the saying â€Å"God, Gold, and Glory† to describe their motivations for colonization. The dominant motivational force for the Spanish was the religious aspect, where conquistadors sought to spread Christianity throughout Central and South America. The â€Å"Glory† prospect was heightened by the yearning for Spain’s dominance over the Western Hemisphere, which was thought to be obtained through unifying native peoples through Bailey Kargo! IB HOTA 3rd period the Christian religion. Similar to one aspect of English motivations, the Spanish also sought to find gold and riches that they thought the New World had to offer. When Christopher Colombus returned from his expedition to the New World, he reported to the Spanish crown his confidence in the quest for wealth in this new land. He described his encounters with the natives where they traded him gold for various items, and even claimed he saw gold in the rivers. This fueled the Spanish obsession in their ultimate quest for wealth and riches. The effects of settling the Chesapeake region reflected the English economic motivations for colonization there. When the Jamestown Colony was founded in 1607, settlers found themselves ill-prepared for establishing a structured colony, especially when they were solely prepared for discovering gold. The Jamestown Colony struggled immensely at first due to lack of supplies and skills needed to create the foundations of a colonial society. However, John Rolfe’s introduction of tobacco to the region completely transformed the economy and played a key role in saving the Jamestown colony. Tobacco became a booming industry and plantation owners needed more workers for cheap labor. As a result, African slaves were introduced into the population to meet these needs, stimulating a new industry: the slave trade. The successful tobacco economy was also capable of financing the importation of indentured servants, which also played a major role in the labor force and became an integral part of the Chesapeake’s economy. Wealthy landowners were now able to have more help on their plantations and have access to more land, while servants now had the ability to own land and create a name for themselves among the colonies. Unlike English colonization, Spanish colonization in the Americas completely decimated native populations. The introduction of European diseases, particularly smallpox, along with Bailey Kargo! IB HOTA 3rd period updated European weaponry decimated Indian culture and transformed their way of life due to lack of immunity to such diseases and more primitive weapons. Native populations were seen as much weaker compared to the conquistadors and their armies, making them extremely easy to conquer. A cultural angle unique to the Spanish settlements was the creation of the Mestizo culture. Unlike the English, the Spanish conquerors and Native Americans intermarried, allowing for a completely new race to develop and contribute to society. Although they were regarded as lesser than other races and looked down upon, the creation of the Mestizo culture proved to become a unique impact of Spanish colonization that later English settlers chose not to conform to. The introduction of the encomienda system was also a significant effect that became an integral part of Spanish society. When the Spanish conquered natives, these natives were required to perform work for Spanish landowners. In return, the natives would receive protection from other tribes and the conversion to the Christian faith. This system was extremely beneficial to the colonists who received land and gained Christian converts, but many native tribes were reduced to involuntary servitude that further devastated Indian populations in addition to disease and war. The differing motivations behind English colonization of the Chesapeake region and the Spanish of Latin America proved to directly affect the way each colonies were formed from 1500 to 1700. English colonization revolved around a more economic basis, while the Spanish focused more on religious aspects that managed to integrate their way into its economy as well. Despite these differences, both societies found a common motivation in the search for gold and riches, and both incorporated different forms of slavery, indentured servitude and African slaves in the Chesapeake and the encomienda system in Latin America, into their economies that stimulated Bailey Kargo! IB HOTA 3rd period each colony’s development. The growth and expansion of both colonization efforts eventually would fuel the newfound desire of other European nations to join the race to the Americas in an attempt to assert their dominance and further diversify societies of the New World.

Conventions in Cry Wolf essays

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MIS implementation at AC Ltd | Analysis

MIS implementation at AC Ltd | Analysis A PROJECT REPORT On Management Information System of AC Ltd. TABLE OF CONTENTS S. NO. PARTICULARS PAGE NO. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 1 INTRODUCTION – DEFINITION OF MIS 5 2 COMPANY PROFILE 6 3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 7 4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 7 5 TYPES OF MIS AND USES 8 7 ROLES OF MIS 8 8 DESCRIPTION NATURE OF INFORMATION SYSTEM 12 9 Description and Analysis use of Information Systems MIS STUDY AT AC LIMITED 9.1 General Information 9.2 Need For Integrated MIS 9.3 MIS Functions Provided by Current MIS 9.4 Architecture of MIS at AC Limited 9.5 Inventory Management Module Of Current MIS 12-24 11 ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT USE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, identification of problems 24 12 RECOMMENDATION for future developments in use of IS 25 13 GANTT CHART 28 14 REFERENCES 29 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Making decisions is an integral part in the functioning of any organization. To facilitate Decision making in this ever-competitive world it is imperative that managers have the right information at the right time to bridge the gap between need and expectation. For better flow of information an adequate Management Information Systems (MIS) is the need of this age. Thus it is important to have an understanding of the MIS followed in an organization by all levels of management in order to take effective and appropriate decisions. A management information system collects and processes data (information) and provides it to managers at all levels who use it for decision making, planning, program implementation, and control. The MIS has many roles to perform like the decision support role, the performance monitoring role and the functional support role. To get a realistic view of the MIS, I’ve gone through the MIS of AC Limited. For the purpose of getting in depth understanding of particular functions of the company, I focused the needs, uses and benefits of MIS with respect to the Material Department of the company. For the preparation of this report, Inventory Management has primarily been focused. AC Limited is one of the first Pakistani companies to realize the potential and importance of information technology and to adopt automation and IT infrastructure. The preliminary computerization took place in 1986. The organization has traveled a long way from the days in 1986 when it was using simple keypunching machines. Significant improvements were made in the application systems and infrastructure. From Batch processing to on-line systems, from IBM1401 to the latest UNIX and Windows XP and 2003 based machines organization has made timely transitions determined by the available technologies. Throughout this evolution the MIS remained synchronized to the information flow in the organization and the management felt that it has played a role in the overall growth and increased performance of the organization. INTRODUCTION DEFINITION OF MIS Management Information Systems (MIS) is a system consisting of people, machines, procedures, data bases and data models, as its components. The system gathers data from Internal and External sources of an organization; processes it and supplies Management Information to assist managers in the process in decision making. Thus it is safe to conclude that an information system is a system consisting of the network of all communication channels used within an organization. There are many potential benefits of MIS investments Investing in information systems can pay off for a company in many ways. It can support a core competency. Enhance distribution channel management. Builds brand equity. IT investment can boost production processes Information systems allow company flexibility in its output level. An information system comprises of all the components that collect, manipulate, and deliver data or information. It usually includes hardware, software, people, communications systems such as telephone lines, and the data itself. The activities involved include inputting data, processing of data into information, storage of data and information, and the production of outputs such as management reports. COMPANY PROFILE – THE ACC LIMITED AC (AC Limited) is Pakistans foremost manufacturer of cement and concrete. ACs operations are spread throughout the country with 14 modern cement factories, 13 Ready mix concrete plants, 19 sales offices, and several zonal offices. It has a workforce of about 9000 persons and a countrywide distribution network of over 9,000 dealers. ACs research and development facility has a unique track record of innovative research, product development and specialized consultancy services. Since its inception in 1936, the company has been a trendsetter and important benchmark for the cement industry in respect of its production, marketing and personnel management processes. Its commitment to environment-friendliness, its high ethical standards in business dealings and its on-going efforts in community welfare programs have won it acclaim as a responsible corporate citizen. AC has made significant contributions to the nation building process by way of quality products, services and sharing its expe rtise. In the 70 years of its existence, AC has been a pioneer in the manufacture of cement and concrete and a trendsetter in many areas of cement and concrete technology including improvements in raw material utilization, process improvement, energy conservation and development of high performance concretes. AC’s brand name is synonymous with cement and enjoys a high level of equity in the Indian market. It is the only cement company that figures in the list of Consumer Super Brands of India. The companys various businesses are supported by a powerful, in-house research and technology backup facility the only one of its kind in the Indian cement industry. This ensures not just consistency in product quality but also continuous improvements in products, processes, and application areas. AC has rich experience in mining, being the largest user of limestone, and it is also one of the principal users of coal. As the largest cement producer in India, it is one of the biggest customers of the Indian Railways, and the foremost user of the road transport network services for inward and outward movement of materials and products. ACC has also extended its services overseas to the Middle East, Africa, and South America, where it has provided technical and managerial consultancy to a variety of consumers, and also helps in the operation and maintenance of cement plants abroad. ACC demonstrates the practices of being a good corporate citizen undertaking a wide range of activities to improve the living conditions of the under-privileged classes living near its factories. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The objective of this report is to study the MIS implementation at AC Ltd. and with the help of this domain, to get an insight into the needs of MIS in business setups on a big scale, various functions performed by the MIS, benefits derived out of such a system and the risks involved. I intend to aim my study at analyzing the business needs of the organization, key challenges or desired functional requirements of the MIS, the IT solution that is currently implemented and the outcome of such a system. AC Ltd. requires MIS to map internal processes and interaction with the external environment to the technology and ensure the solution delivers real benefits to the business. SCOPE OF THE STUDY The scope of this study is to understand the reasons behind the need of MIS in AC Ltd. This study leads to the MIS support to the Company as a whole with special emphasis on Inventory Management practiced in the Material Stores Department of the company. Through the interaction with the executives of AC Limited, we get an insight about the effectiveness of the MIS in place at the organization. TYPES OF MIS AND USES MIS CLASSIFICATION MIS is a concept, which is a matter of degree rather than an absolute one. In management there are perhaps few other areas other than MIS which gas created so much controversy. We would make an attempt to try to look into different types of MIS as they have evolved during the course of time. Transaction Processing System Management Information System Decision Support System Executive Support System Office Automation System Business Expert System FUNCTIONAL USES AND ROLES OF MIS THE PERFORMANCE MONITORING ROLE MIS are not just statistics and data analysis. They have to be used as an MBO (Management by Objectives) tool. They help: to establish relevant and measurable objectives to monitor results and performances (reach ratios) to send alerts, in some cases daily, to managers at each level of the organization, on all deviations between results and pre-established objectives and budgets. THE FUNCTIONAL SUPPORT ROLE Business processes and operations support function is the most basic. It involves collecting, recording, storing, and basic processing of data. Information systems support business processes and operations by: recording, storing and processing sales data, purchase data, investment data, payroll data and other accounting records recording, storing and processing inventory data, work in process data, equipment repair and maintenance data, supply chain data, and other production/operations records recording, storing and processing personnel data, salary data, employment histories, and other human resources records recording, storing and processing market data, customer profiles, customer purchase histories, marketing research data, advertising data, and other marketing records recording, storing an processing business intelligence data, competitor analysis data, industry data, corporate objectives, and other strategic management records use of all the above to implement, control, and monitor plans, strategies, tactics, new products, new business models or new business ventures. THE DECISION SUPPORT ROLE The business decision making support function goes one step further. It is an integral part of making decisions. It allows users to ask What if†¦? questions: What if we increase the price by 5%? What if we increase price by 10%? What if we decrease price by 5%? What if we increase price by 10% now, then decrease it by 5% in three months? It also allows users to deal with contingencies: If inflation increases by 5% (instead of 2% as we are assuming), then what do we do? What do we do if we are faced with a strike or a new competitive threat? ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE ACC LTD. Description and Nature of Information System INVENTORY MANAGEMENT A product that is in excessive demand is usually extremely difficult to manage. Supplying the right amount of products implies that an accurate demand forecast is essential. This holds the impact on the entire supply chain to facilitate efficient consumer response based on consumer demands it becomes imperative that such companies consider inventory management seriously. Making accurate demand and supply predictions is an ideal situation that anyone in the supply chain management arena could dream off. By providing timely accurate information pertaining to inventory location, movement and valuation, receipt of goods, sale and return of goods and profits you can make sure that your inventory is visible throughout a network. With inventory management you can set your product catalog to hide products that are not in stock, or change prices based on the amount of products available in the warehouse. The quantity available can be displayed to the shopper and this can prevent unnecessary confusion when the shopper adds items not available to a shopping cart. The store buyer can be automatically notified about low inventory levels. IT (Information Technology) is a key enabler in the transformation of purchasing into a strategic business function. The challenge is to find a way to put these technologies to use and create value and competitive advantage. The Main Objectives in Inventory Management are: Improved customer service Reduced inventory investment Increased productivity Benefits of inventory management applications Complete control of inventory. Complete information about the value of the inventory Complete visibility on Quantities on hand, Quantities committed and Quantities sold Response time to demand changes reduced Increased sales Knowledge of the exact size of merchandizing inventory Taxes and insurance premiums paid on excess merchandize inventory avoided. DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS AC is one of the first Indian companies to realize the potential and importance of information technology and adopt automation and IT. The organization started computerizing its systems as early as 1986. The organization has traveled a long way from the days in 1986 when it was using simple keypunching machines. Significant improvements have been made in the application systems and infrastructure. From Batch processing to on-line systems, from IBM1401 to the latest UNIX and Windows 2003 based machines it has made timely transitions determined by available technologies and business requirements. AC has made a quantum jump from in-house developed systems using Oracle 9i and Developer 6i to an ERP based solution. This decision was solely based on its strategic objectives and the business benefits that are expected to follow. With this move people, business processes and technologies across the country are aligned. The implementation of ERP solution for process control is shown in the figure below. Fig.1 The ERP implementation for process control at AC Ltd. IT department is still continuously working on improving the functionality and removing the errors of the system. As a result system is becoming better day-by-day, thus improving the productivity of the company. NEED FOR AN INTEGRATED MIS The benefits associated with an integrated MIS are Better processing of the large volume of data in an organization. Reducing the Redundancy of Data that occurs in case of separate packages. Availability of all the required information about any department through a common system. Making the system capable of supporting the managers in making decisions. Facilitate the communication between the various regional offices of the company and the corporate office along with the main plant. Use of online data to speed up the information flow of the organization and facilitate decision-making FUNCTIONS PROVIDED BY CURRENT MIS Plant (Manufacturing Maintenance) Production Break down and Plant performance Module MIS Reports and stoppage Module, Stock position Raw Materials Management System Integration with Weigh Bridge and Security Gate Daily stock, issue position and bill passing Transport Freight Payment Systems Weigh Bridge Integrated with Security Gate Stopped one mechanical weigh bridge 500 trucks can weigh for gross and tare in single day 5002 = 1000 Time Management Reports, Truck Movement reports Weighment is integrated with invoice cum challan freight Payment Truck position inside and outside the plant. Computerized Preventive Maintenance Software Both plant are using this module Preventive Maintenance and Break down Module Shutdown module and integrated with inventory Forecasting of spares and skills usage module Inward Outward Materials Security Control on returnable goods Work Order and analysis Work Order will be prepared by authorized person Provided to all departments. Integrated with Rate Master And budget. Labour Deployment and accounting System Daily supply of Contractor Labour deployment Against regular, adhoc and shutdown requirements Daily/monthly/yearly analysis reports Contractor labour Bill passing system Commercial Applications Marketing Accounting and analysis System Excise module and Sales Tax Module Transport Bill passing module Order Confirmations and Dispatch Instruction Free Market Requirements, Railway Receipt Commercial Invoice, Debit Note, Credit Notes. Stores Inventory Non Inventory On Line indent, Issue and Receipt Materials Delivery Schedule Controlling the inventory Controlling the increased inventory Stores Ledger, consumption Summary MIS reports, Budget V/s Actual Consumption. Integrated with financial Package Repair maintenance inventory, Department Wise Expenses. Purchase Management System Purchase Order integration with indent On line enquiry, Party wise information Pending list of purchase order MIS reports, Purchase / Indent Register Payment Advice System (Advance, regular) Financial Accounting System All types of voucher feeding Purchase and freight bill passing Other Expenses bill passing and TDS Module General Ledger, Sub Ledger and Trial balance of two Financial years Auto payment advice, Bank forwarding letters, payment System, Overhead Analysis reports. Integrated with inventory and Payroll module MIS Reports Cash Budget, Vehicle Movement Controlling on Taxi, Car etc On line General information System Information provided to Users about On line Leave status I.e. opening, availed and closing status Electricity Deduction Employee wise, Quarter wise Over time Status department wise Welfare rules and Regulations, Telephone list, accidental etc Actual Consumption against budget, Welfare information Human Resource Development Topic Courses, General Awareness Programme, TNA of Workmen, TNA of LCW, Individual record of ext/int Training, Pending Training etc. Payroll PIS Module Payslips of Staff, Worker, School, Badli Casual Worker PF, VPF, Bonus, Gratuity Module LIC, CTD, Thrift Society, Co-operative advances Module. Recovery Deduction, PIS and Income Tax Employee wise Integrated with Financial Package Over Time, C-off Module Payroll of Marketing Department (Transferred from HO) Sales Accounting Systems Sales Accounting Systems, Rent Payment System Data loading, Expenses Payment System, Freight Payment, MIS, Transferring in FAS Gate Pass System (Returnable Non-returnable goods) All goods send through Computerized Gate Pass Integrated with Gate System. Pending repair items information Architecture of MIS at AC Limited Current MIS of the company is basically a In-house developed system, also comprising of few specialized readymade software packages bought from outside developers. It comprises of 11 main modules covering all the main functions of the company. Inventory Management Module is one of the most important parts of the system. It is highly integrated with the other modules and capable of functionalities like Auto Alarming when inventory is low. It is capable of generating more than 200 different types of reports to help managers in different required ways. Its main parts include Inventory issue, purchase, bill passing, other OER passing, freight passing, stock updation etc. DFDs and Data processing diagrams: Inventory Package Context Level Diagram (CFD): Inventory Package Issue DFD: Inventory Purchase DFD: Data Processing (Full Inventory Module) Application used for Work order Preparation at The ACC Ltd. 1. ITEM CODE CREATION There are 9 types of item group in Non Catalogue Item Medicines 806 Stationary 807 Repair Order 808 Transportation Order 809 Raw materials 810 Capital Orders 811 Job Orders 812 Laboratory Items 813 Direct book orders 814 2. Indent Posting 3. Indent Sanctioning 4. Indent Type Updation[image] 5. Order Preparation 6. Order Printing[image] ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT USE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS After analyzing the system properly, we came to a basic conclusion that system is working fine at an overall level and consisting of very minimal problems. These problems can’t be stated as such problems and instead can be stated as future path. Still we tried to jot down the few of them, which are as follows: Still lack of system integration after a level. Though inventory management module is integrated well with all the other modules like financial system, thus reducing the redundancy. But still there is need of paper work and manual intervention when reordering is required. System cannot be configured to reorder automatically, even for the fast moving raw material. Lack of Web Integration. AC hasn’t still employed the concept of taking orders or ordering through web and have no integration of its system to its website. Legacy Network Support. Backbone network used by AC is still the same, which they used in 1993. They haven’t upgraded the network support from then, which has started creating problems for them already. As MIS of the company is improving day-by-day including more and more functionalities, the network has already become very slow. Lack of training to managers to effectively use the decision support functionalities of system. This is another problem that we felt at the company. IT department is basically making the improvements in the system continuously with new added functionalities, but there is lack of training to managers to effectively use these functions in way that can support them to make better decisions. For example, on an average, a manager uses only 10-15 types of reports out of more than 200 types of reports available. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT Considering the given problems, their analysis and research on comparative MIS systems used in the similar kind of industries, our group is presenting following recommendations for the company. IT department of the company should now work towards integrating the system on a higher level and making the company Paper-Less Office. This should be done by integrating the system in a way that the manual intervention be minimized in the day-to-day process. The company should also start Web-Based ordering and selling, so that to be able to catch up with the growing industry. As more improvements in MIS would be done, and Web-support to be also incorporated, it is more than sure that current Network available is going to crash. To cop this, company needs to upgrade its network. For this purpose, we suggest the tie-up of company with some outside contractors like IBM or CISCO to continuously upgrade and maintain their network. With each up gradation, we suggest training to the managers of the company about effectively using the added functionalities and use of them in a better way. This can be also done by providing a handbook along with each up gradation. REFERENCES Officials Contacted from: Mr. Sam Joseph (Deputy Manager, IT Department), AC Limited. Secondary Sources Management Information Systems – A Managerial Perspective, D.P. Goyal www.tcs.com www.sap.com