Family Centred Practice in Child Protection Services

buy custom Offshoring essay

buy custom Offshoring essay Offshoring is when a company moves its production from its home country to another country, where it can be done with cheaper labour, lower taxes, subsidized energy, and lower health-care cost. Offshoring is what people in the U.S. complain about when they complain about manufacturing jobs moving to China. Whereas India has emerged as a center of knowledge-industry outsourcing, China has emerged as a center of manufacturing off shoring. The cost of savings in moving manufacturing to China are so great that if one company begins moving its manufacturing to China, the only way for rival companies to survive is for them to also move their manufacturing to China. The main reason that China is so attractive is that its workers are paid very little. This has caused companies in other developing countries to try to cut their wages to stay competitive, driving down wages for all unskilled workers in the developing world to stay competitive with the China price. Needless to say, the human costs of this process can be devastating. China sees its low-wage manufacturing jobs as a stepping stone to dominating all stages of production, especially design. As soon as Chinas education system catches up with the U.S., expect to see wages of our highly skilled workers (lawyers, doctors, computer programmers) fall as they start to compete against international workers who will do the same job for less money. To stay competitive in the knowledge industry, the U.S. needs to put more of its resources into education and research. Globalization is creating unprecedented uncertainties in the outlook for any career amidst increasing corporate access to a global labour market and the commoditization of intellectual property. Technical professionals are therefore forced to keep abreast of industrial trends in domestic and intellectual markets in terms of hot spots, where regions experience above-average economic activity and soft markets where supply of certain skills or resources exceeds demand. Silicon Valley Company should therefore respond by moving some of its stages of production to other countries where costs for these stages are a little bit lower hence will be able to lower its cost of production in the long run. I agree with Thomas ideas since he alludes that by moving their production overseas, U.S companies are able to sell the same items to consumers for less cost. He further cites that in 2004 Morgan Stanley estimated that offshoring to China had saved U.S consumers $600 billion since the mid- 1990s. Buy custom Offshoring essay

Just Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Just Questions - Essay Example Most psychoneuroses are dependent on the failure of the personality to a find an adequate solution of this conflict, and the compromise that the person reaches is not satisfactory to him. The basal or primary dispositions develop in the childhood, and they determine the future psychic development. Therefore, the personality and its forms are actually determined by the childhood development in terms of Sex and Ego, which may distinguish between different personalities. This, therefore may serve as a key to knowing these personalities. Adler's style of life theory contends that the determining factors that mould human behaviour and development and hence personality are to gain power and ascendency against the environment. This means, in human personality, the conduct is determined by a final purpose. A person's styles of life or temperamental factors determine his behaviour. According to his theory, the style of life is an affective and cognitive representation of the existential problems that any person desired to resolve. Thus this reflects the person's reactions to his perceptions about reality and the reactions that demonstrate in the ways of coping with it. This is a manifestation of cultural adaptation through the interaction between the person and the reality. Functionally, these may be equivalent to the cognitive and psychological traits of the personality which is reflected upon the genetic inheritance. Horney's construct of the "ty... Give an example of this tyranny has affected someone's lifestyle. Horney's construct of the "tyranny of should" are well depicted in the childhood development, which in future may lead to a neurotic personality. These develop early in the development through influences from temperament and environment. The child's personality and his degree of vitality and his nature and its quality may make a child rebellious or submissive under such pressures created by parental coercion. The tyranny is created by love and intimidation, tyranny, and glorification. These create the environment of the child, and their personality will be influenced by such relationships which may alter the environment from the normal of warmth, mutual respect and consideration. From the perspective the "tyranny of should" from the parents exerts pressure on the child even up to the extent that he may start feeling that his existence is dependent upon the parental wishes. The consequences are improper or incomplete development of self-respect. The personality may become insecure, ap prehensive, isolated, and resentful. Although initially, helpless, gradually he starts coping and become manipulative. The case of a child who has a stubborn negativism and who expresses himself with temper tantrums may be considered. His coping mechanism is shutting himself from others, living in his own world, where he can resent and reject every demand made upon him by the "tyranny of should" and he makes inroads to isolation and privacy which might be the beginning of a neurosis. Q4. Consider the frames of orientation presented by Fromm. Give a specific example of behavior which constitutes a healthy frame of orientation. Give specific example of behavior which constitutes an unhealthy frame of orientation.

Consider ther central principles of Christianity. How do there reflect Essay

Consider ther central principles of Christianity. How do there reflect Platonic ideas - Essay Example Similar is the philosophical notion of Platonism about God and life. Evidently Christianity was founded and nourished on the social ground where Platonism had been the key pressure. To illustrate, Christianity has a lot of similarities with the basic notions of Platonism. First of all, the Christian doctrines and Platonic principles accept the fact that spirit is superior to body and that it exists in all. In addition, Plato accepts the eternal, omnipresent and omnipotent nature of God. He also acknowledges the fact that God gives soul to human and that God created world because he is good. Platonism shows similarity in accepting the fact that God gives laws and every soul will be rewarded or punished according to its deeds. Both Platonism and Christianity maintain the concept of heaven and hell. Christianity also is based on the belief that God created the world and he created humans in his own likeness and character. Genesis 1:26 states that God created man in his own image. And it is said that ‘he made the world good; and when he saw it he was delighted’ (Genesis 1:31). ... In addition, Jesus Christ teaches to lay up treasures in heaven where ‘neither moth nor rust corrupt them’ (Mathew 6:20). Moreover, it is said in Romans that â€Å"if the spirit of him that raised up Jesus from the dead dwell in you, he that raised up Christ from the dead shall also quicken your mortal bodies by his Spirit that dwell in you† (Romans 8:11). Similar is the belief found in Platonism. According to Plato, (Phaedo, 114 C) after death, every soul goes to a place corresponding to its deeds while alive. If then, the wicked with curable sin nature will be left to a lower world where they shall suffer for their sins; whereas, the incurable souls will be abandoned permanently into hell. With regard to pious souls, they shall live without human bodies forever in eternal happiness with God almighty (ibid). Hence, the striking similarity between the Church and Platonism comes in the concept of heaven, hell and purgatory. Jesus says clearly that ‘it is bett er to pluck out your right eye if it sins because it is better to lose it than being cast into hell’ (Mathew 5:29). He also warns that â€Å"no one who speaks against the Holy Spirit will be forgiven either in this world or in the next† (Matthew 12:32). Another agreement comes in the case of body-soul interaction. Bible says â€Å"Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Rather, be afraid of the One who can destroy both soul and body in hell.† (Matthew 10:28) The concept that Platonism cherishes also is similar because it says that external aspects or diseases of the body can little harm the soul; whereas vice, can worsen the moral quality of

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 30

Marketing - Essay Example There is a detail description of the objectives that TSL is having. Objectives are goals for the organization. Also, the paper encapsulates the strategies as well as the action plans that must be implemented for effective operation of the company and to beat competition. Last but not the least financial figures have been analyzed in order to understand the company’s performance. The research paper ends up with a dedicated concluding section. Triumph Spares Limited (TSL) was established in the early 1980, as a small family owned business. The company deals with spare parts and the business is run from two sites, one is the factory and the other is the small shop. The factory deals with the spares that are assembled from subcontracted components. The prime stakeholders of the company are Mr. and Mrs. Brian Smith who are the main owners of the company. In the early 1990s, TSL developed mail order business in United States. From the very day of commencement of the business, it was found that TSL was successful in building strong reputation by providing quality spare parts. The license for preparing the spare parts was obtained from Standard Triumph Ltd (Triumphs, 2008). There has been steady growth in the business of TSL from the day of its commencement with turnover of  £ 4000000. The profit margin for TSL is estimated to be 50% for those who buy in bulk from the factory. Triumph Spares Limited provides spare parts to other shops as well as commercial car restoration businesses. On the other hand, the profit margin for TSL is expected to be 100% for those who buy from the shops. The shop provides spare parts to small commercial purchaser and to the general public. The company turnover follows Pareto rule, where 20 % of the turnover comes from the shop and 80 % of the turnover depends on the factories direct sales. Although the main customers for TSL are Classic Components, Spare Parts, Classic Spares, and Spare Shops and Add

Change Management, its Factors and Effects, in Tesco PLC

Change Management, its Factors and Effects, in Tesco PLC TESCO started its business and opened its first shop in the year 1919 by Mr Jack Cohen. He sold surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London. The brand TESCO came after 5 years in the year 1924 when he bought a shipment of tea from a Mr. T. E Stockwell and initial letters of the name were combined to name TESCO and in the year 1929 store was op #ened in Burnt Oak, North London by Mr. Cohen. In 1930 Mr. Cohen built a headquaters and warehouse in north London and in 1932 privatization was done and Tesco became private ltd company and the company was listed in the stock market in the year 1974. In the year 1950 need of expansion was demanded and as a result numbers of stores were bought by retailer. (70 Williams stores and 200 Harrow stores, followed by 97 Charles Philips stores) and finally in the year 1968 the first superstore was opened in west Sussex. moving further Tesco diversified and jumped to petrol retailing sector in 1974.to overtake the rivals Tesco adopted the change in the strategy and launched the club card in 1995 following which in 1996 Tesco announced 24 hours facility to its customers. Retailer launched tesco.com in 2000 to expand further with which it included various products like electronics, clothes and entered in broadband market etc .as a major announcement Tesco plans to open a stores in USA under the name Fresh and Easy. Need for a change at Tesco Tesco has adopted many changes in its business since the time it has started.tesco has been changing its strategies as and when time passes for the following reasons. (I)To win competitive advantage: Tesco always wanted to create more value from resources over other companies like Sainsbury which led tesco to come up with new stores in different places. (ii)Core competences: Core competences are means the businesses must have something that customers uniquely value if companies wants to earn healthy profits. For instance tesco provides club card facility to its customer to retain the customers. (iii)Need for capturing Market: Tesco wanted to capture the whole retail market which encouraged the company to come up with aggressive strategies and occupy the number of places of UK markets. (iv)To create efficiency, swiftness, and innovation: For creating efficiency tesco provides a online shopping facility along with that it has made all the stores 24 hours available. Facrors Driving change in the Tesco: There are two types of factors which force any organization to adopt the change for the betterment of the organization. External factors and Internal factors. External Factors: conservative spends, Following are the external factors using PESTEL analysis: Political Factors: Tescos performance is very much controlled by political situations of the countries .traditional stores are forced to cut the cost where as big stores often provides job opportunities and government encourages retailers to create job opportunities hence opening new stores is because of the political impact also. Economical Factors: Economic factors have direct relation with profits which is one of the most important factor leading changes in an organisation.the high rate of unemployment increases chances of reduced demand for goods so tesco is creating employment with the help new stores. Social Factors: remove Customers demands towards mass shopping have led tesco to provide non food items also like clothes, elctronics,mobiles etc providing customers the convenient shopping. Technological Factors: Technology is a biggest factor driving all the companies to adopt the change because of new inventions of it.customer base will increase if they are satisfied and they get attracted. To do the same tesco has adopted self check out system, electronic shelf labelling etc. Environmental Factors Less consumption of resources, less wastage of production and least environmental damage are the issues leading tesco to change accordingly. Legal factors: Government policies affect the Tesco organisation for instance licensing, monopoly policy, pricing policy. Internal Factors: Expansion of the business: Expansion of the business brings the opportunities for the product development and companies growth. Earning Profits: The major motive for any organisation is to make profit which leads tesco also for the expansion and diversification of the business. Cut throat Competition: Tesco has many Competitors like ASDA and Sainsbury. To survive in this cut throat competition is very necessary to come up with new ideas and technology. Resource Implication of the organisation not responding to change: There are various resources which can be resistant against the change and cause the failure to the change project. Following are the resources: People: The main part of the change is people who are going to execute the change and they can not change overnight. people who are rigid and resistant towards the change .if they dont respond and not agreed to accept the change change procedure will lead to failure. Money : one of the other most important resources is Money which has a power to make the change successful by providing all other resources available.for instance with the help of existing money resource tesco is going to open new Fresh and Easy stores in usa without which it was not possible. Material: Proper material like all the previous details, audit report, company data and market requirments are very important absence of the same brings the failure of the change for instance in the case of tesco absence of the proper market analysis would have not brought tesco to capure the UK market. Stakeholders: Stakeholders are the very important parts of the change.suppliers are the internal stakeholders. The demand of the suppliers for cutting down in prices of food in tesco are major concern for adopting new changes. Climate: (season) Climate is a resource which is unexpected which sometimes causes a failure to change adopted by an organisation. Q: D) Models of change ADKAR Individual model of change: In an organisation whenever any change takes place it is not organisation which changes but the individuals of the organisation.ADKAR model helps manager to find out the behaviour of the individual and find out: People resistance to change, Help employess to move ahead with the change process To provide a plan for a personal and professional progress for individuals. To understand the ADKAR model we will look at the diagram below which says whenver in an organisation change takes place that is two ways one is from the business aspect and from the people side. Change takes place only when both the side change is applied successfully. Business change: Business change needs knowing the opportunities Scope and objectives of the business and project Knowledge of complete business process Proper change implementation People/Employee change: For the successful change manager should follow 5 key objectives based on ADKAR model. Awareness: of the need to change Desire: to participate and support the  change Knowledge: of how to change (and what the change looks like) Ability: to apply the change Reinforcement: to retain the change for the time period Lewins 3 stage Organisational Model of change http://www.lmcuk.com/management-tool/lewins-3-stage-model The model speaks about the one organisational change. it says that organisation travel from one stagnant change to another. It has three steps for an organisation to come across (i) Unfreeze (ii) Change and (iii) Refreeze, as mentioned in above picture. (i)Unfreeze In this state an organisation has to make employees believe that change is going to be for the betterment. there are people who doesnt want to come out of their comfort zone and easily accept the change hence unfreeze is a stage where managers will have to create motivation to the employees to come out of the stagnant phase and unfreeze them to move towards the new change. (ii) Change It is a stage which creates many doubts for the organisation. Employees have knowledge of old system and adopting a new a new change will take some time to increase their efficiency. At this stage it is very important for the managers to provide motivation to its employees at the same time give proper training and moral support to build a confidence to accept the change. Refreeze The motive of this stage is to let people get comfortable to their working environment again to increase efficiency. Bruce Tuckmans model of Team change: Mr Bruce Tuckman came up with this model in the year 1965 with 4 stages and last 5th stage Adjourning was added by him later in the year 1970s. According to him as the team builds maturity and ability, the bonding of the team takes place.in this stage a leader directs, guide, participates and deligates finally.at this time team will produce a next capable leader. in this leader gives power to the team and reduces the control.the main aim is to achieve the high performance by changing leadership styles. Following are the 4 stages and activities of the leader Stages Activities Forming Direct team and set goals clearly. Discussing goals with team will be the helpful. Storming Establishment of structure, building good relationship in team, Giving moral support, being firm and positive. make people understand why conflicts happens by assertiveness. Norming Taking responsibility towards objectives, building feeling of togetherness in team. Performing Dividing/delegating the task so that can concentrate on other priorities. Adjournig If the team come to an end working together celebrating the success. Relevance of the models in the current economic climate: Currently looking at the UK economy-2010 the major issue faced by the country is Recession and Unemployment which goes hand in hand. Looking at these issues lets see the relevance of the following models with these two factors. Models of change Relevance with current economic climate ADKAR Model of individual change Awareness: government should know the factors driving recession and unemployment. Desire: desire to come over. Knowledge: Proper knowledge how to overcome the recession. Ability: Ability to apply solutions/change to remove the recession. Reinforcement: to retain the change or solutions taken to get rid of recession and unemployment. Lewins 3 stage Organisational Model of change In the 2nd step of the model we can find the relevance to current situation. Change: adopting a change for example government has announced cut backs because of which people that were enjoying the benefits are also now searching for job which is increasing the rate of employment. Bruce Tuckmans model of Team change In this we can find a relevance with the stage storming which talks about the activities like establishing structure which means government should set such a rule to avoid recession and unemployment like the economy of the some of the European countries (like irland and Romania) are not much developed and people of those economy are migrating here because of which unemployment rate increases. Value of STRATEGIC INTERVENTIONS techniques in the change process: What is strategic intervention? Whenever there is change taking plan in an organisation there are resistant towards it. Strategic intervention techniques are made to solve the problem occurring during the change process. Following are the intervention techniques and their value: Role Playing: Role playing is a type of training which involves practical situation. it is method to prepare a team to perform on their own without the help of the their employers. Value: this technique is valuable because if the proper training is given and employees are able to work on their own then they will face less problem while adopting a change. Team Building: It is technique developing a maturity to work as a group and efficiency. The main reasons for this technique are to set objectives, to check how the work is performed in a group and to see the bonding between team members. Value: in the change process the one of the important things is team bonding as whenever change takes place in an organisation team has to perform together for the success. Survey Feedback: Proper feedback and survey reports are to be given to the employees regarding the change to let them involve in the change process Value: by getting the feedback organisation can know what employees feel about the change and what difficulties they face to help them which help the change process to success. Inter-Group Problem-Solving: Whenever there are conflicts in two different groups, for the settlement joint meetings are held in which members are allowed to present their views and the outcome of the meeting should be the result that holds them together. Value: all the teams work towards the one goal i.e. change process, if they are having the differences then the goals vision will be blurred. So this technique helps to improve the bonding which will improve the work efficiency. Management By Objective Approach: It encourages employees to involve in decision making process to make sure the system works smoothly. Value: technique to involve employees will earn the interest of them and will lead to successful change. Q:g) development of Change management strategy with stakeholders for tesco: Stakeholders are the group of people who have interest in company business. There are many types of stakeholders like government, employees, customers, suppliers, board memebres, funders, which are part of internal and external stakeholders. According to tesco understanding the needs and demands of the stakeholders is very important. there are various strategies to let stakeholders involve in the change process. i)Having beneficial discussion with shareholders to make sure that tesco looks after and understands the commitment towards stakeholders. ii)The preparation of investor relation report every year by the board members is a part of their strategy stating the feedback of the stakeholders ,which involves them to towards the change. iii)They make sure that each and every stakeholder should get the full annual report at the end of the year apart from publishing in news papers. Systems to Involve stakeholders: There are many systems available to involve potential stakeholders in the planning of the change. Stakeholders mapping Stakeholders matrix Stakeholders engagement Stakeholders identification Stakeholders mapping: Stakeholders mapping is one the systems to involve stakeholders in the business .in stakeholders mapping has two axis. One speaks about the interest of the each stakeholder and other speaks about the power on stakeholders. th the th Stakeholder Mapping and Communication There are basically 4 categories in based on their power and interest, low interest/low power high interest/low power low interest/high power high interest/high power The company needs very less attention on this group. The stakeholders create no danger because of any interest and power. This group has a high interest but very less power and they are maintained by keeping them informed about company information. This group has high power because of which they must be taken care off and kept satisfied because their low interest can cause a trouble. They must be always satisfied because they have high power and high interest as well. Stakeholders matrix: This is one the common methods used to know about the stakeholder analysis. The object is to give clear understanding of the stakeholder and let the company know what the best way to involve them is. This system is used at early stage to develop the stakeholder plan.this sytem is used for developing a action plan. Stakeholder identification: In this company needs to find out its potential stakeholders company needs to do all the documentation regarding their interest, involvement, their power, and strategies taken by the company. There are three steps Step i) identify the potential customer and related date to them Step ii) identify the each stakeholders power and interest Step iii) assess the stakeholders response. Stakeholder engagement (On TESCO): Stakeholders are the people who have direct relation with our business and can affected easily, but at the same time they have impact on business as well. This is a reason why organisation needs to involve stakeholders and know their views. basically it is all about maintaining relationship with the help of regular communication from both the sides.Stakeholders engagement system has become a commonly used practice in business. According to tesco stakeholder engegement helps them to know the risk and opportunities. Following are the methods of doing the same: Meetings/Discussing issues Websites Questionnaires Events Being strategic about stakeholder engagement Tesco believes in solving issues by discussing it with stakeholders.for instance for year 2009-2010 meeting was held in the month of February to discuss the issues concerning about the board plans, control and business development by the chairman. Websites are made to keep in touch with stakeholders and engage them and to keep them aware of new updates abot the company along with the annual reports. tesco has it site in which they have all the details for stakeholders(www.tescoplc.com) . Investor relaton teams are hired to take care of stakeholders in tesco to be in touch with them on regular basis.because details on websites are limited and shareholders can ask any questions via emails. For stakholders tesco keeps events for them to be interactive and to engage them. Stakeholders engagement is not process to be built in weeks. Company need to do it right from beginning and thats what tesco has been doing right from beginning. Q: I) Development and implementation of model of change on tesco: Whenever company need to progress can adopt a change whether small or big .in organisation usually they know about the change but dont know how to actually apply it. For which there are many models stating how to apply change. Following are the models which tesco can apply to build a self check out machines. Kotters 8-Step Change Model Following are the 8 steps to lead towards the change: Step i) create urgency: Talking about urgency of adopting a change will help organisation to move further towards change. Because only showing balance sheet company can not convince others to adopt the change. How to do? a)Tesco will have to analyse its potential risksand will have to prove the senario that in absence of self check machines can cause lot of queue in the shop and will cause delay in time. b)Tesco will have to show the benefits that customer can take from self check out machines. Step ii) Form a Powerful association: Whenever company needs to go through a change it has to supporters for the change having leaderships qualities to convince that change is for good. What is to be done? Tesco should identify true leaders in an organisation Make commitment Work on team building Tesco will have to make sure that it has good mixture of people that will help at different levels. Step iii) Create a Vision for Change Tesco should have a clear vision about the change and should be able to show others that vision What to do: Tesco will have to set the important value change. Make a short one or two sentence vision statement like tesco has a vision statement that is every little helps Make a plan to implement that vision. Step iv): Communicate the Vision The vision statement is what you do and you have strong competition in the market.so tesco will have to make sure that it communicate in such a manner that will be able survive in that competition. What to do: Tesco should keep talking about its vision. Tesco should clearly deal with peoples apprehension and worry. Tesco should Appl all its vision to all aspects of operations from training to performance reviews. Step v): Remove Obstacles: After following the above steps and if change process had taken place then tesco needs to look at the resistant of the change if yes then tesco will have to remove it by doing so change process will move further. What to do: Tesco should hire, change leaders to deliver the change. By looking at the structure of the organisation tesco will have to decide upon Tesco should encourage people by giving reward to people for supporting change. At the same time tesco should know people who are resisting the change, and try to convert them into supporters. Tesco should act quickly against obstacles. Step vi): Create Short-term Wins To encourage change tesco should create small competition to motivate employees towards adopting the change. By creating short term goals tesco can earn more supporters for the new change. What to do: Tesco should Look for sure-change that can be implemented without help from any strong critics of the change. Tesco should not expensive targets. Tesco needs to see properly the potential pros and cons of its achievements. Give deserving awards to those who achieve targets. Step vii): Build on the Change: Tesco should not declare the change too early.rea l change goes in deep. What to do Tesco should analyse after every win, that what went right and what needs improving. Tesco should learn to the idea of continuous development. Tesco need to keep changing the the change agents timely to change association Step viii): Anchor the Changes in Corporate Culture: Tesco needs to make sure that change should be visible in each and every aspect which will help the change to occupy a strong place in an organisation. What to do: Tesco need to talk about the success stories as and when get the chance. Tesco should embrace the change principles and morals when hiring and training new staff. Measures to monitor progress of the change process: There are various ways adopted by the companies to measure the performance and the progress of the change adopted.there is many tools like performance indicator, feedback control system, marketing mix etc to know about the peformance of the company.tesco has not adopted particular method to measure the progress.following are the ways tesco should adopted: Feedback: Tesco should take timely and duely feedback by the customers who are using self check out machine.feedback form should clearly be able to specify the questions about the weakness and usefulness of the self check out machine. Feedback form should be easy to understand and must be written in easily understandable language by the customers.the most important point is feedback form should be able to answer the % of customer satisfaction. Surveys: Tesco should conduct surveys regarding by the general public asking what do think about self check machine. For people with a proper communication must be hired to be able to ask questions from public. Website : Tesco should operate one website having online feedback asking close ended question regarding the perfomance of the machine and improvements to be made. Performance indicator tool: Tesco should use the performance indicator tool for the measurment of progress.it will tell the tesco about the improvements made and what are the results of the same.performance indicator cover cover the following other indicators : Quantitative indicators based on numbers achieved. Practical indicators based on current companys process. Directional indicators based on data specifying the companys performance whether getting better or not. Actionable indicators are taken to control which will affect the change. Financial indicators used in perfomance measurment.

Police Corruption in the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) Essay

Police Corruption in the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) "Police corruption undermines the foundation of our city..." "Officers who use the shield of service as a sword to commit crimes jeopardize the safety of all of us, and they do dishonor to their colleagues and to the city they swore to protect." Alejandro N. Mayorkas, United States Attorney, Central District of California, (U.S. Department of Justice News Release, 2000). Police corruption is not a new problem in society and there is not a standard way to deal with it. Police officers have enormous power and responsibility and are asked to make difficult decisions. There is not an exact guide to behavior for police officers so their discretion can lead to corruption (Monkkonen, 1999). The existence of police corruption in America has created a negative public view of law enforcement. Police corruption has deteriorated the relationship between law enforcement and the community. In the past four years, more than 500 officers in 47 cities have been convicted of various federal crimes. Local and state authorities in 32 other jurisdictions are either engaged in active investigations or prosecutions of dirty cops (Johnson,1998) . FBI Director Louis J. Freeh has stated: "The insidious nature of police corruption inherently undermines the confidence of the American people in one of the basic tenets of democracy that law enforcement officers will honestly and fairly protect and serve the citizens to whom they answer. The selfish and deceitful acts of a few cannot be allowed to impugn the integrity of the law enforcement profession." (U.S. Department of Justice,1998). The existence of police corruption in society raises many important questions. What causes police of... ... Los Angeles Police Department, "Board of Inquiry into the Rampart Area Corruption Incident"01 March 2000; available from http://www.lapdonline.org/pdf_files/pc/boi_pub.pdf U.S. Department of Justice, "Los Angeles Police Officer, Ex-Cop Indicted on Federal Conspiracy Charges", news release, 05 April 2000; (photocopied). Monkkonen, Erik, "Crossing the (Blue) Line The Problem With Commissions", Los Angeles Times, 26 Sept 1999, p. M-1. U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, news release, 21 Jan 1998; Available from http://www.fbi.gov/pressrm/pressrel/pressrel98/police.htm "Report: LA Convictions May Be Tossed", The Associated Press, 18 April 2000. James A. Inciardi, Criminal Justice, 3rd. ed., Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers, 1990. Lawrence W. Sherman, Scandal and Reform, Berkely: University of California Press, 1978.

Anotated Bibliography No Child Left Behind Essay

What the paper â€Å"What’s Missing from No Child Left Behind? A Policy Analysis from a Social Work Perspective.† argues is that the No Child Left Behind bill might not be accomplishing its purpose. Moreover, the paper sheds light on the social and emotional risk factors that prevent students from succeeding in school. In the end, the article suggests that school social workers are capable of eliminating these barriers by applying in school interventions to address the psychosocial factors that highlight the difference in achievement at school. School social workers are also capable of advocating for an education policy change that looks beyond test scores and help at risk students succeed in school. Works Cited Lagana-Riordan, Christine, and Jemel P. Aguilar. â€Å"What’s Missing From No Child Left Behind? A Policy Analysis From A Social Work Perspective.† Children & Schools 31.3 (2009): 135-144. Academic Search Complete. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. This article reports the results found by a national survey taken by the state, about the national impact of the No Child Left Behind bill. Results indicate that in between 2001 and 2005 statewide assessment of science and writing increased but it decreased in the social studies, arts, humanities, and computers. The research teams found that there are few themes that come up at almost every school. The first, which is an obvious one, is that for subjects that are not tested for under the No Child Left Behind bill, the schools reduced their resources and the effort that the school puts into these areas dropped. Second, is an interesting method because they take material away from tested subjects and integrating them into the classes that are not tested for. Just so the teachers that are going to be tested have more time to focus on the testing material. The last theme is that there is no change observed, everything seems to be the same as before the No Child Left Behind bill. Works Cited Pederson, Patricia Velde. â€Å"What Is Measured Is Treasured: The Impact Of The No Child Left Behind Act On Nonassessed Subjects.† Clearing House 80.6 (2007): 287-291. Academic Search Complete. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. The article discusses how teachers are discovering that the No Child Left Behind idea is flawed, developmentally unfitting, lacking funding, and leaving more students, educators, and schools behind before the bill was passed. Later the article presents a short history about educational testing, investigates the argument of teaching to the test, and focuses on subgroups of school populations that are negatively affected by No Child Left Behind bill, distinctively students from low socioeconomic backgrounds, minorities, second-language learners, and students with special needs. Works Cited Smyth, Theoni Soublis. â€Å"Who Is No Child Left Behind Leaving Behind?.† Clearing House 81.3 (2008): 133-137. Academic Search Complete. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. This article in the Times newspaper, points out problems and flaws with the 2002 U.S. No Child Left Behind educational legislation, which was designed to improve education in the U.S. Topics that are discussed include, teachers complaints that No Child Left Behind policy sets impossible standards and forces teachers to teach based on the test material, and how the bill originally came to life by the proposal of former U.S. president George W. Bush. The other topic discussed is how originally neither the Democratic or Republican political parties were in favor of the legislation. Furthermore article explains that No Child Left Behind bill has publicized gaps between students but it did not fixed them. Works Cited Webley, Kayla. â€Å"Why It’s Time To Replace No Child Left Behind.† Time 179.3 (2012): 40-44. Academic Search Complete. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. The goals of this article are to raise awareness about the challenges educators and school mental health professionals face throughout the semester as a result of the implementation of No Child Left Behind bill. The most important part about this article is that its purpose is not just to point out the flaws caused by the No Child Left Behind bill, but to enhance the bill’s ideas and provide less interference between the bill and school mental health by coming up with ideas and solutions for the problems that they are facing. Works Cited Weist, D. Mark et al. â€Å"Enhancing No Child Left Behind–School Mental Health Connections.† Journal Of School Health 76.9 (2006): 446-451. Academic Search Complete. Web. 25 Mar. 2012.

English vs. Spanish Colonization Essay

From 1500 to 1700, the English colonization of the Chesapeake region and the Spanish colonization of the Central/South American region varied greatly in their primary motivations for settlement and the lasting effects imprinted into both societies. The English motives in settling the Chesapeake region were more economically-based, seeking greater economic opportunity and employment, while the Spanish effort took on a more religious approach that ended up having long-term effects on the way their culture and society developed. The effects both colonies felt differed in many ways, primarily due to the varying motivational influences felt by the English and the Spanish. However, similarities in colonial motivations and cultural impacts were present between both societies. English colonization of the Chesapeake region revolved around economic gain and opportunity that colonizers believed could be found in the New World. Overcrowding in England led to a desire for expansion and better emp loyment options for English settlers. Rumors of gold discovery in the New World also spurred an intense frenzy that English colonizers sought to pursue, resulting in the development of societies poorly suited for colonial life when gold was never found. On the other hand, Spanish colonization of Central and South America began with the Spanish conquistadors, who used the saying â€Å"God, Gold, and Glory† to describe their motivations for colonization. The dominant motivational force for the Spanish was the religious aspect, where conquistadors sought to spread Christianity throughout Central and South America. The â€Å"Glory† prospect was heightened by the yearning for Spain’s dominance over the Western Hemisphere, which was thought to be obtained through unifying native peoples through Bailey Kargo! IB HOTA 3rd period the Christian religion. Similar to one aspect of English motivations, the Spanish also sought to find gold and riches that they thought the New World had to offer. When Christopher Colombus returned from his expedition to the New World, he reported to the Spanish crown his confidence in the quest for wealth in this new land. He described his encounters with the natives where they traded him gold for various items, and even claimed he saw gold in the rivers. This fueled the Spanish obsession in their ultimate quest for wealth and riches. The effects of settling the Chesapeake region reflected the English economic motivations for colonization there. When the Jamestown Colony was founded in 1607, settlers found themselves ill-prepared for establishing a structured colony, especially when they were solely prepared for discovering gold. The Jamestown Colony struggled immensely at first due to lack of supplies and skills needed to create the foundations of a colonial society. However, John Rolfe’s introduction of tobacco to the region completely transformed the economy and played a key role in saving the Jamestown colony. Tobacco became a booming industry and plantation owners needed more workers for cheap labor. As a result, African slaves were introduced into the population to meet these needs, stimulating a new industry: the slave trade. The successful tobacco economy was also capable of financing the importation of indentured servants, which also played a major role in the labor force and became an integral part of the Chesapeake’s economy. Wealthy landowners were now able to have more help on their plantations and have access to more land, while servants now had the ability to own land and create a name for themselves among the colonies. Unlike English colonization, Spanish colonization in the Americas completely decimated native populations. The introduction of European diseases, particularly smallpox, along with Bailey Kargo! IB HOTA 3rd period updated European weaponry decimated Indian culture and transformed their way of life due to lack of immunity to such diseases and more primitive weapons. Native populations were seen as much weaker compared to the conquistadors and their armies, making them extremely easy to conquer. A cultural angle unique to the Spanish settlements was the creation of the Mestizo culture. Unlike the English, the Spanish conquerors and Native Americans intermarried, allowing for a completely new race to develop and contribute to society. Although they were regarded as lesser than other races and looked down upon, the creation of the Mestizo culture proved to become a unique impact of Spanish colonization that later English settlers chose not to conform to. The introduction of the encomienda system was also a significant effect that became an integral part of Spanish society. When the Spanish conquered natives, these natives were required to perform work for Spanish landowners. In return, the natives would receive protection from other tribes and the conversion to the Christian faith. This system was extremely beneficial to the colonists who received land and gained Christian converts, but many native tribes were reduced to involuntary servitude that further devastated Indian populations in addition to disease and war. The differing motivations behind English colonization of the Chesapeake region and the Spanish of Latin America proved to directly affect the way each colonies were formed from 1500 to 1700. English colonization revolved around a more economic basis, while the Spanish focused more on religious aspects that managed to integrate their way into its economy as well. Despite these differences, both societies found a common motivation in the search for gold and riches, and both incorporated different forms of slavery, indentured servitude and African slaves in the Chesapeake and the encomienda system in Latin America, into their economies that stimulated Bailey Kargo! IB HOTA 3rd period each colony’s development. The growth and expansion of both colonization efforts eventually would fuel the newfound desire of other European nations to join the race to the Americas in an attempt to assert their dominance and further diversify societies of the New World.

Conventions in Cry Wolf essays

Conventions in Cry Wolf essays In the film "Cry wolf" directed by Jeff Wadlow in 2005, a convention used within film is the final girl. The Final girl is the character alive in a slasher film to confront the killer and is then left to tell the story. The final girl is typically sexually unavailable or virginal, avoiding the vices of the victims. She occasionally has a unisex name and will have a shared history with the killer. The final girl is the "investigating consciousness" of the film, moving the narrative forward and as such, she exhibits intelligence, curiosity, and vigilance. Although the characteristics of a final girl are used in the film, the character is played by a young teenage boy. This is evidence of post modernism used within the film. The role of the final girl is played by Owen Mathews. Owen is a British immigrant who arrives at Westlake Preparatory Academy. Owen is conservative but also has a past of breaking the law. This is also more evidence of post modernism within the film, showing that people can go down different paths and playing with the rules of the original idea of final girl characteristics. Although Owen is troubled, the audience still looks at him as the good guy. He is constantly ignored and failed by his father who constantly seems to avoid contact with him. This is a common case for final girls in slasher films. Owen makes new friends at his school who introduce him to a world of sneaking out and manipulating one another. Owen does not choose to manipulate his friends or betray them although they could not care less because they find it entertaining. Once the group create a murder story and spread it around the school rumor fly and pranks are pulled. Suddenly this murder story becomes a reality when the masked killer ends up being one of them, Dodger. She knows all her friends well enough to realize how each of them would set each other up. Once everybody fakes their deaths Dodger ultimately sets Owen up into thinking that...

Capital Punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 12500 words

Capital Punishment - Essay Example Religions of the world are one in saying that human life is precious and a gift from God, and that no one, even the state, has the right to take it, except in a very serious situation where there is no other method that society has to protect itself. There are no positive proofs that capital punishment is a deterrent to crime. States that have death penalty laws do not have lower crime rates or murder rates than states without such laws. And states that have abolished capital punishment show no significant changes in either crime or murder rates. An ACLU definition states that the death penalty is the denial of civil liberties. While this is a somewhat subjective definition on the ground that the American Civil Liberties Union was founded on attacking capital punishment, albeit with legal means, ACLU's definition may not be far from the truth. Nevertheless, various definitions all point to one single fact: the taking of life or killing of a condemned man as punishment for the crime/s he/she has committed. The penalty of death for a person convicted of a serious crime, such as intentional murder, is called capital punishment. Capital is derived from the Latin word capitalis, which means "of the head". In the past, beheading was the most frequent form of killing someone as punishment for a serious crime. Current methods of carrying out capital punishment in the United States are electrocution, firing squad, hanging, poison gas, and lethal injection. (US Government Guide, 2008) The Law Encyclopedia defines it as the lawful infliction of death as a punishment. (Law Encyclopedia, 2008) Another definition is that capital punishment is "execution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense". (Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, 2008) History The first established death penalty laws date as far

Early Military Hospitals Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Early Military Hospitals - Research Paper Example Daniel Whistler as well as nurse Alkin Elizabeth for the injured soldiers. In 1660, military hospitals were closed, something that left the Army without any dedicated hospital. First field hospitals were established in 1692, during the Nine Year’s War, by William III and were located on the battlefield .1702 welcomed the Flying hospitals introduced on battlefields and were used to transport and treat casualties. In 1752, a major breakthrough of causes of disease was discovered by Sir Pringle John who gave innovative methods of disease and illness prevention amongst soldiers. The first permanent military hospital was established in Chelsea by John Hunter who was a surgeon in 1789.In 1803; disease became the biggest killer of soldiers in war due to poor hygiene especially during the Napoleonic wars. In America’s civil war, almost 200,000 men died from enemy fire in the duration of 4 years of the war. The saddening thing was that over 400,000 soldiers were killed by diseas e. The Crimean prompted Miss Nightingale to request for Royal Commission specifically for military hospitals, which later was followed by critical reforms in healthcare. She played such a significant role in introduction of statistical analysis of casualty, hospital sanitation and planning as well as military health. Apart from that, Nightingale established a training school named in her honor in London. In 1863, the Royal Victoria Hospital opened at Netley in Hampshire becoming the first purpose-built military hospital in Britain as well as the new base for the Amy Medical School. The school’s first professor of military hygiene was Alexander Edmund who led to important improvements in the soldiers’ health and earning him the reputation of the modern military hygiene founder. Anesthesia was first used by the navy in 1847 by a naval medical officer Thomas Spencer who used it for dental extraction .1853 was the year when over 20,000 died in Crimean War, of which only